British Imperialism Of The Nineteenth Century - 3025 Words

According to Keep and Ronall (1999), â€Å"the degree to which British imperialism of the nineteenth century was invested in and maintained by the global traffic in addictive substance is well documented. At mid-century, opium was a major export commodity for Britain’s largest colony, India, and the British government was very sensitive to the profits that could be realized through the sale of the drug. Keep and Ronall claimed that â€Å"addiction was use in the policing of â€Å"otherness† that occurs through the science education† (207-09). Due to limited evidence to prove the rational of widely held ideology of the poor, addict, mentally-ill, homosexual, criminals, and those hated, exclusively induced authoritative actions in engaging with these groups; nevertheless this impact â€Å"scientific or quasi-scientific† assumptions of â€Å"poverty, addiction, mental illness, homosexuality, and criminology. Also, there are many abstraction which backs thes e hypothesis precisely or obliquely (Movahedi, 1978, p. 45) Movahedi (1978) explains that, in the domain of drug use, fewer authors have currently attempted a â€Å"sociohistorical† reasoning of the evolution of prominent interpretation and also scientific ideology of addiction, and have unmask the racist and class-oriental elements of divers drug-related concerns. He argues that, â€Å"the work of these writers as well as the classic study of Lindesmith (1968) suggested that the behaviourShow MoreRelatedNineteenth-Century British Imperialism Essay544 Words   |  3 Pages Were Economic Factors Primarily Responsible for Nineteenth-Century British Imperialism?nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In society today the almighty dollar is what motivates most people’s actions. However, there are other reasons that can promote a change within a system such as morals, religious beliefs, values, and ethics. During the nineteenth century, society was not much different from that of the present day as the economy remains one of the most important partsRead MoreImperialism And Its Impact On The Domestic Institutions Of Africa Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism, when one country dominates another for its own benefit, is an expansion policy that has reigned for centuries. Over time, imperialism has drastically changed in its magnitude and severity. At the turn of the nineteenth century, a â€Å"new,† more aggressive and competitive form of imperialism emerged and completely dismantled the domestic institutions of various developing countries. Africa in the nineteenth century is a prime example of the â€Å"new† imperialism in effect. How was Africa affectedRead MoreEssay on Hearts of Darkness: Post Colonialism850 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. During the nineteenth century certain concepts in the story were considered unthinkable such as cannibalism. The cultural relativism (which basically says that right and wrong a re culture-specific) was a strong sensibility during the nineteenth century which is why it was addressed in this story. Modern readers of Hearts of Darkness may find the racial slurs used throughout the story to be offensive. However, in the nineteenth century things wereRead MoreNotes on Colonialism and Imperialism1489 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 33 Notes * Foundations of empire * Motives of imperialism * Modern imperialism * Refers to domination of industrialized countries over subject lands * Domination achieved through trade, investment, and business activities * Two types of modern colonialism * Colonies ruled and populated by migrants * Colonies controlled by imperial powers without significant settlement * Economic motives of imperialism * European merchants and entrepreneurs made personalRead MoreThe Far Reaching Effects of Imperialism1323 Words   |  5 PagesWith the dawn of the Industrial Age near the beginning of the nineteenth century also came with the rise of nationalism, or the belief that a country’s way of life was superior to others. Nationalistic ideologies, born in the coal ovens of Industry, soon gave way to systems of imperialism that would quickly take hold in other parts of the world. For the purposes of this essay, can be broadly defined as a symbiotic relationship between an industrialized state and an agrarian state in which the industrializedRead MoreColonialism And Imperialism In Europe1440 Words   |  6 Pagesimposed its economic model, its values, ideals and its culture to a large part of the world. Imperialism can be defined as the system in which the politics, economy and culture of one part of the world are organized according to the domination of some countries over others. The imperialism that emerged in the nineteenth century was the culmination of colonialism initiated in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. But both forms of colonial domination were very different. The old colonial empires haveRead MoreImperialism And Its Impact On Society Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesResponse 1: Imperialism Gaining complete dominance within a society can be viewed as a lion taking control over its land. These lions can be regarded as a powerful empire, as they live among other preys fighting for supremacy. In History it has been said that â€Å"A nation that did not expand would not survive† (American Passages, 529). Imperialism is a prime example of a group of prey fighting for sovereignty, within this land we come across the lions, otherwise known as the nations who control theRead MoreWhat attracted European imperialism to Africa to Asia in the late nineteenth century.1585 Words   |  7 PagesMortimer Chambers et al define imperialism as a European state s intervention in and continuing domination over a non-European territory. During the Scramble for Africa in the late nineteenth century, the most powerful European nations desired to conquer, dominate and exploit African colonies with the hope of building an empire. According to Derrick Murphy, in 1875 only ten percent o f Africa was occupied by European states. Twenty years later only ten percent remained unoccupied. There wereRead MoreThe Factors Of Economics Was Or Was Not The Primary Reason For British Imperialism1198 Words   |  5 Pagesdiplomacy or military power as imperialism. Imperialism has been the most dominant powerful force in the last four to five centuries in civilization. Imperialism has formed civilizations in entire continents while pushing out the indigenous people and destroying other civilizations in the meantime. In this case, we look at whether the factors of economics was or was not the primary reason for British Imperialism. Robert Huttenback believed that British Imperialism was a result from economic factorRead MoreEssay on Imperialism: From Europe to The West1514 Words   |  7 PagesEarly in the twentieth century, imperialism was brought up by European powers of the time; Germany, Great Britain, France, and Russia. These nations were after raw materials in Asia, Africa, and South America and when they realize that they could not retrieve it, they began to colonize smaller counties that contain the many resources they need and used it for their benefit. Western values played a big part in European imperialism. European civilization experienced a period of extraordinary rapid

Comparing The Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne

Riley Chiles Mr. Nelson AP Literature P-7 11/7/14 Comparing Fact and Fiction: The Parallels Within Democratic society has a curious effect on its people. Some citizens seem to have a very hard time imagining a fanatically corrupt religious sect of elite clergy running the scenes. Intriguingly, within arguably the most democratic country of our time, the United States was dominated by a class of religious elite a few centuries ago. Those who participated in said system were known as Puritans. Nathaniel Hawthorne, a transcendentalist of the 19th century, decided to recreate Puritan society in his book The Scarlet Letter, which takes place two centuries prior. This brings up an important inquiry: does his rendition stack up with historical evidence? After intense scrutiny and cross-referencing, a conclusion can be drawn that suggests he did indeed take many steps to remain faithful to the source material. To better understand The Scarlet Letter, we first must explore the author and his purpose for writing such a novel. Nathaniel Hawthorne was a philosophical thinker. He grew up in Salem, Massachusetts and was the descendant of William Hathorne, a Puritan magistrate and judge who became infamous for giving out harsh punishments. This was especially true during the Salem witch trials. Hawthorn’s family past seemed to fascinate and haunt him, and is represented in most of his works. This is coupled with his transcendentalist ideals, and clues the audience to the book’s intendedShow MoreRelatedComparing The Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne And The Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath2182 Words   |  9 Pageswithin the intricacies of literature in each era. Specifically, through analyzing The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne and The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath, one can observe the dynamics of society in regards to the role of women through the lens of the theme of sexuality. In both novels, the confinement and oppression of women can be visibly seen as a result of these gender roles. Yet, from the time The Scarlet Letter was published to the time The Bell Jar was written, the place of women in societyRead More Characterization through Imagery and Metaphor in The Scarlet Letter1274 Words   |  6 PagesCharacterization through Imagery and Metaphor in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Throughout his novel, The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne reveals character through the use of imagery and metaphor.    In the first Chapter of The Scarlet Letter, The Prison-Door, the reader is immediately introduced to the people of Puritan Boston. Hawthorne begins to develop the character of the common people in order to build the mood of the story. The first sentence begins, A throng of bearded men, in sad-coloredRead More The Effective Use of Symbols in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter694 Words   |  3 PagesSymbols in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Webster defined symbol with these words: Something concrete that represents or suggests another thing that cannot in itself be pictured. This concept has been particularly applied to literature and used by writers throughout history. Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter uses multitudes of symbols in such a manner. One of the most prominent, and most complicated, of such symbols is the scarlet letter A. The scarlet letter A isRead More Struggle between Good and Evil in The Scarlet Letter and Macbeth694 Words   |  3 PagesStruggle between Good and Evil in The Scarlet Letter and Macbeth It is said that â€Å"all conflict in literature is, in its simplest form, a struggle between good and evil.† Indeed, the fundamental conflict of human nature is that of darkness and light; and as a mirror to life, the conflicts in literature is not different from those in human nature. The struggle of good and evil is shown in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, which portrays the spiritual battle between and evil Read MoreAnalysis Of The From The Scarlet Letter 959 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom the Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most iconic books in history; its storyline, theme and literal characters have made an impact on the world of literature for hundreds of years. What stands out the most in the book is the use of archaic diction and figurative language, which serve to paint vivid, descriptive pictures of each character, specifically, Roger Chillingworth. In chapter nine of The Scarlet Letter, ‘The Leech†, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses settingRead More Exposed Sin vs. Hidden Sin in the Scarlet Letter Essay633 Words   |  3 Pagesdeplorable, or utterly wrong. In this essay I will be comparing exposed sin to hidden sin as related to The Scarlet Letter, and the effects it has on people. In Nathanial HawthorneÂ’s The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne represents the exposed sin while Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth represent the hidden sin. Hester PrynneÂ’s sin is exposed on the scaffold in front of the townspeople. For punishment she is made to wear the letter “A”, for adulteress, on her bosom. HesterÂ’s daughterRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter And The Other Wes Moore1238 Words   |  5 Pages This is a central idea in the novels The Other Wes Moore and The Scarlet Letter. The Other Wes Moore follows the lives of two young boys into adulthood and discusses why their lives turned out so differently, despite coming from such similar backgrounds. The author Wes Moore proposes that maybe it was due to the influences that each boy’s role model’s had. A similar idea is illustrated in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, which tells the tale of Hester Prynne and her close family over theRead MoreArchetypes And Allus ions Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter 1198 Words   |  5 PagesArchetypes and Allusions in The Scarlet Letter In the nineteenth century novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne utilizes different origins of allusions and archetypes to emphasize how individuals in order to encourage individuals to forgive sins and work towards redemption. Sin Allusions. From the Bible. In Dimmesdale’s home, Hawthorne describes a work depicting the Prophet Nathaniel, David, and Bathsheba: â€Å"The walls were hung round with tapestry, said to be from the Gobelin looms, and,Read MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne And Herman Melville1387 Words   |  6 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville were well acquainted with one another and wrote a series of letters back and forth for a time. Their friendship has been seen as â€Å"one of the most famous in American literary history† (Hayford 435). Both authors have received a lot of attention as two of the more prominent writers of the nineteenth century and their names are often thrown together in criticism of that era. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s most famous novel is likley The Scarlet Letter while HermanRead More A Comparison of The Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables3606 Words   |  15 Pagesof The Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables    Nathaniel Hawthorne, one of Americas most renowned authors, demonstrates his extraordinary talents in two of his most famed novels, The Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables. To compare these two books seems bizarre, as their plots are distinctly different. Though the books are quite seemingly different, the central themes and Hawthornes style are closely related (Carey, p. 62). American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne

Probability Exercice Free Essays

MTH3301 Fall 2012 Practice problems Counting 1. A closet contains 6 di? erent pairs of shoes. Five shoes are drawn at random. We will write a custom essay sample on Probability Exercice or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is the probability that at least one pair of shoes is obtained? 2. At a camera factory, an inspector checks 20 cameras and ? nds that three of them need adjustment before they can be shipped. Another employee carelessly mixes the cameras up so that no one knows which is which. Thus, the inspector must recheck the cameras one at a time until he locates all the bad ones. (a) What is the probability that no more than 17 cameras need to be rechecked? b) What is the probability that exactly 17 must be rechecked? 3. We consider permutations of the string †ABACADAFAG†. How many permutations are there? How many of them don’t have any A next to other A? How many of them have at least two A’s next to each other? 4. A monkey is typing random numerical strings of length 7 using the digits 1 through 9 (not 0). Call the digits 1, 2, and 3 †lows†, call the digits 4, 5, and 6 †mids† and digits 7, 8 and 9 †highs†. (a) How many di? er ent strings can he type? (b) How many of these strings have no mids? c) How many of these strings have only one high in them? For example, the string 1111199 has two highs in it. (d) What’s the probability that a string starts with a low and ends with a high? (e) What’s the probability that a string starts with a low or ends with a high? (f) What’s the probability that a string doesn’t have at least one of the digits 1 through 9? 5. School of Probability and Statistics (SPS) at IUA University has 13 male Moroccan professors, 8 female Moroccan professors, and 12 nonMoroccan professors. A committee of 9 professors needs to be appointed for a task. a) How many committees can be made? (b) What’s the probability 1 that the committee contains 2 Moroccan women, 3 Moroccan men, and 4 non-Moroccans? (c) What’s the probability that the committee contains exactly 4 nonMoroccans? (d) What’s the probability that the committee contains at least 4 n onMoroccans? (e) What’s the probability that the committee does not contain any Moroccan men? Conditional Probability, Bayes’ Theorem 1. Before the distribution of certain statistical software every fourth compact disk (CD) is tested for accuracy. The testing process consists of running four independent programs and checking the results. The failure rate for the 4 testing programs are, respectively, 0. 01, 0. 03, 0. 02 and 0. 01. (a) What is the probability that a CD was tested and failed any test? (b) Given that a CD was tested, what is the probability that it failed program 2 or 3? (c) In a sample of 100, how many CDs would you expect to be rejected? (d) Given a CD was defective, what is the probability that it was tested? 2. A regional telephone company operates three relay stations at di? rent locations. During a one-year period, the number of malfunctions reported by each station and the causes are shown below: Station Problems with electricity supplied Computer malfunction Malfunctioning electrical equipment Caused by other human errors A 2 4 5 7 B 1 3 4 7 C 1 2 2 5 Suppose that a malfunction was reported and it was found to be caused by other human errors. What is the probability that it came from station C? 3. Police p lan to enforce speed limits by using radar traps at 4 di? erent locations within the city limits. The radar traps at each of the locations L1 , L2 , L3 , and L4 are operated 40%, 30%, 20%, and 30% of the time, and if a person who is speeding on his way to work has probabilities 2 0. 2, 0. 1, 0. 5 and 0. 2, respectively, of passing through these locations, what is the probability that he will receive a speeding ticket? You can assume that the radar traps operate independently of each other. 4. Jar A contains 6 red balls and 6 blue balls. Jar B contains 4 red balls and 16 green balls. A six-sided die is thrown. If the die falls †6†, a ball is chosen at random from jar A. Otherwise, a ball is chosen from Jar B. If the chosen ball is red, what is the probability that the die fell †6†? 5. The word spelled HUMOR by a person from the United States is spelled HUMOUR by a person from UK. At a party, two-thirds of the guests are from the United States and one-third from UK. A randomly chosen guest writes the word, and a letter is chosen at random from the word as written. (a) If this letter is a U, what is the probability that the guest is from UK? (b) If the letter is an H, what is the probability that the guest is from UK? 6. Jar A contains two black balls, jar B contains two white balls, and jar C contains one ball of each color. A jar is chosen at random. A ball is drawn from the chosen jar and replaced; then again a ball is drawn from that jar and replaced. If both drawings result in black balls, what is the probability that a third drawing from the same jar will also yield a black ball? 7. A jar contains 5 red balls and 10 blue balls. A ball is chosen at random and replaced. Then 10 balls of the same color as the chosen ball are added to the jar. A second ball is now chosen at random and seen to be red. What is the probability that the ? st ball was also red? Discrete Random Variables and their Cumulative Distribution Functions and Probability Mass Functions 1. A dice has 6 sides labelled 1 through 6, and the associated probabilities are a, b, c, d, e, and f respectively. Furthermore, you are told that P ({1, 2, 3}) = P ({4, 5, 6}). This die is tossed once and random variable X is twice the face value that showed up. Answer the following questions about X: 3 (a) What is the range space of X? (b) Draw the cumulative distribution function of X. (c) Write down the probability mass function of X. 2. A jar contains 10 balls, labelled 1 through 10. We will take 3 balls out of the jar. Let B be the random variable that is the highest label among the 3 balls withdrawn. Answer the following questions about B: (a) What is the range space of B? (b) Calculate p(b) for b = 3, 6, 10. (c) Calculate F (b) for b = 3, 6, 10. (d) Calculate P (B ? 8). 3. Consider a group of 5 blood donors, A, B, C, D, E, of whom only A and B have type O+. Blood samples will be taken from each donor in random order, until an O+ donor is reached. Let the random variable Y be the number of blood samples taken until an O+ individual is reached. (a) What is the range space of Y? b) Write down the probability mass function of Y. 4. A jar contains 15 balls, 10 of them red and 5 of them blue. Three balls are picked and let R be the random variable that is the number of red balls in these 3 drawn. (a) What is the range space of R? (b) Write down the prob. mass func. of R. (c) Write down the cumulative distr. func. of R. 5. A random variable Z has following range spac e and probability mass function: 4 value -3 -2. 5 0 4 12 20 probability of this value 0. 1 0. 15 0. 05 0. 3 0. 3 0. 1 (a) Draw the line graph of this PMF. (b) Write down the CDF of Z and draw its graph. (c) Calculate P (Z). . After all students have left the classroom, a probability professor notices that 4 copies of text book were forgotten behind. At the beginning of the next lecture, the professor distributes the 4 books in a completely random fashion to each of the four students who lef the books behind. Let X be the number of students who receive their own book. Determine the pmf of X. Hint: Think of permutations of 4 symbols. 7. Let X be the number of tires on a randomly selected automobile that are underin? ated. Which of the following three p(x) functions is a legitimate pmf for X, and why are the other two not allowed? p(x) p(x) p(x) 0 0. 3 0. 4 0. 4 1 0. 2 0. 1 0. 1 2 0. 1 0. 1 0. 2 3 0. 05 0. 1 0. 1 4 0. 05 0. 3 0. 3 8. In our experiment, we pick a random permutation of 1 234. Let X be the number of symbols that remained in their original places. For example, if the random permutation is 3214, X = 2. Find the pmf of X. 9. In our experiment, we type a random string of length 6 using only the letters A, B, C, D, E, X, Y, Z. Let R be the number of letters that are occuring more than once. So, for example, if the string is †BAYEDA†, R = 1. If string is †DEBAZY†, R = 0. If string is †AABAXY†, R = 1. If string is †AABBXY†, R = 2. (a) How many elements are there in the sample space of the experiment? (b) How many elements in the range space of R? 5 (c) Calculate pR (0). (d) Calculate pR (r) for r ? 4. 8 6 (8)(6)? 7? 6? 5? 4+(8)(6)? 7? 6? 5+(1)(4)? 7? 6+(8)(6)? 7+(8)(6) 1 3 1 5 1 6 . (e) Show that pR (1) = 1 2 6 8 Continuous Random Variables and their Cumulative Distribution Functions and Probability Distribution Functions 1. A college professor never ? nishes his lecture before the bell rings to end the period and always ? nishes his lectures within 2 minutes after the bell rings. Let X equal the time that elapses between the bell and end of the lecture and suppose the pdf of X is f (x) = kx2 0 0? x? 2 otherwise (a) Find the value of k. (b) What is the probability that the lecture ends within one minute of the bell ringing? (c) What is the probability that the lecture continues beyond the bell for between 60 and 90 seconds? (d) What is the probability that the lecture continues for at least 90 seconds beyond the bell? 2. The time X (in minutes) for a lab assistant to prepare the equipment for a certain experiment is believed to have a uniform distribution for values of X between 25 and 35. a) Write the pdf of X and sketch its graph. (b) What is the probability that the preparation time exceeds 33 min.? (c) Without computing it mathematically, what do you think is the mean value of X? (d) For any a such that 25 a a + 2 35, what is the probability that preparation time is between a and a + 2 minutes? 3. Consider the following pdf, where k and C are constants: f (x) = kC k xk+1 0 6 x? C x 50 1 625 r If the propolis content is less than 10 parts per thousand, the honey sells for 300 Dirhams per kilogram. If the propolis content is more than 40 parts per thousand, the honey sells for 200 Dirhams per kilogram (because of the too strong taste). If the propolis content is between 10 and 40 parts per thousand, the honey sells for 450 Dirhams a kilogram. Let the price of honey per kilogram be the random variable X. (a) Draw the pdf of R. (b) Determine the pmf of X. Continuous Functions of Continuous Random Variables 1. Let continuous random variable X have pdf fX (x). Let Y = |X|. Write FY (y) in terms of integral(s) of fX . 2. For more practice here, make sure you can do problems number 9 and 13 in Chapter 3 exercises in our text book. 8 How to cite Probability Exercice, Essay examples

Effectiveness of Production by a Country-Free-Sample for Students

Questions: 1.As a producer, why is it important to consider the Price elasticity of demand of your product when setting the price you are going to charge? 2.Explain the difference between Comparative advantage an absolute advantage. Answers: Introduction: This is the report that discusses about the price elasticity of demand and its effect on the pricing decision taken by producers. The next art of the report is about the two types of advantages that is comparative and absolute, differences of these advantages helps in determining the effectiveness of production by a country or producer 1.Price elasticity of demand can be defined as the measure of quantity demanded in terms of the change in its price. In other words, it can be said as the change in percentage of the quantity demanded in response to the change in percentage of the price. In this case all other elements remain constant (Yu, Yang Rahardja, 2012). The law of demand suggest that the price and the demand of the products are always in inverse relationship with each other. The concept of price elasticity of demand is very important to be considered at the time of making price decisions for the products. All the businesses and the producers take into account the elasticity of demand when the prices of the products are decided. This is because the demand gets affected if the price of the product changes (Thimmapuram, Kim, Botterud Nam, 2010). If there is rise in price of the products by the firm then it affects the consumer expenditure on this product and ultimately the revenue of the company. If the demand is elastic in nature then any alteration to the price such as rise in price results in fall of demand and the revenue. If the demand is inelastic then the rise in price will raise the revenue of the company as well. 2.The absolute advantage is the concept that deals with the capability of the company or the producer to produce efficient and good quality goods with least of the resources as compared to other producer or company. On the other hand, the comparative advantage deals with the ability of the producer or the country to produce a product efficiently with lower opportunity cost (Bernard, Redding Schott, 2007). Absolute advantage is about comparing the efficiency of productivity of different companies while comparative advantage is about the loss of opportunity cost. The countries or producer can said to have absolute advantage in producing all the products. However, at the same time different countries or producers can have different comparative advantage. The countries with different comparative advantages can trade with each other that result in each others benefits. Both these concepts are very important for international trade between the countries. As per the discussion it has been analysed that the absolute advantage does not includes cost measure in it and comparative advantage considers the aspect of cost as well (Schumacher, 2012). Thus measuring both advantages is necessary to determine the measure of productivity and effectiveness of the producers or the country. Any of the country or the producer can have the absolute advantage in producing all the goods but it is not possible for the country or a producer to have comparative advantage in producing all the goods. But these advantages needs to measure in order to determine the total effectiveness of the producer or the country over the other country or producer. Conclusion: It has been concluded from the report that change in percentage of the quantity demanded in response to the change in percentage of the price is called price elasticity of demand. The producers take this concept into consideration at the time of pricing because demands get affected by the change in prices. Absolute advantage is about comparing the efficiency of productivity of different companies while comparative advantage is about the loss of opportunity cost. References: Bernard, A. B., Redding, S. J., Schott, P. K. (2007). Comparative advantage and heterogeneous firms.The Review of Economic Studies,74(1), 31-66. Schumacher, R. (2012). Adam Smith's theory of absolute advantage and the use of doxography in the history of economics.Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics,5(2), 54-80. Thimmapuram, P. R., Kim, J., Botterud, A., Nam, Y. (2010, January). Modeling and simulation of price elasticity of demand using an agent-based model. InInnovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), 2010(pp. 1-8). IEEE. Yu, R., Yang, W., Rahardja, S. (2012). A statistical demand-price model with its application in optimal real-time price.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,3(4), 1734-1742.

Salaam Bombay Essays (1114 words) - Indian Films, Films,

Salaam Bombay Salaam Bombay! Moiz Bhinderwala Westford, MA Title: Salaam Bombay! Director: Mira Nair Give a brief description of the main characters: The main characters in this movie are Krishna, his friend Chillum, a prostitute with her small daughter, a pimp, street-kids and a 16-yr old girl. Krishna: Krishna is a twelve year old boy, who is in search for a job so that he can earn enough money to pay his mother in order to return to his family. He is left behind by a travelling circus where he works. Left with no other option Krishna decides to head to a big city in search for a job. He heads to Bombay, a big metropolitan city in India. He finds a job at a tea-shop as a tea-delivery boy. Apparently this tea-shop is located near a prostitution area of the city, which Krishna has to frequent to deliver the tea. There he comes across various people, such as a prostitute who has a small daughter, a 16-yr old girl who has been forcefully dragged into this profession, and these people then slowly become a part of his life in the city. Krishna's experiences in the city, his ability to withstand the tough life in the city, his generosity towards his friend, the conflicts that take place, all create interesting ?bends? in this movie. The plight of abandoned street children in Bomb ay is examined through the life of Krishna works hard to overcome his conditions only to find there is no way out! Chillum: Chillum like Krishna had ran away from his home in the village at a very young age and came to Bombay. Chillum is a drug addict and works for a pimp in the prostitution area. Chillum and Krishna slowly develop a close-knit friendship as both can identify with each other's lives. When Chillum loses his job, and can't any more, becomes dependent on Krishna for expenses on drugs. He dies soon of drug abuse. In a way, through Chillum this movie portrays how drugs have affected life of the poor street-kids of Bombay, how they are mistreated and abused by people who take advantage of them because of their vulnerability. The prostitute with her daughter: This is yet another result of human desire that plagues human society- prostitution. As sad as it is, prostitution in cities like Bombay is a big business. Most girls who become prostitutes, don't do so by choice, they are forced into it. Most of these girls are from small towns and villages, who are brought to cities with big promises and then dumped into such areas. The story of the prostitute in the movie is no different. The word prostitute doesn't seem apt for this lady, who shows such compassion and love. It is a very sad situation that she is in, like many other prostitutes in cities like Bombay. Through her daughter the movie portrays the life of many such kids, who are abused and neglected by a parent, in her case, Baba. Her mother however is very loving and cares for her, she doesn't want her daughter to end up in the same profession as her. She is the world to her mother. Baba (the pimp): The pimp who calls himself Baba (respected master) is a dark character in this movie. He is the father of the prostitute's daughter. He apparently is also a drug dealer who employs people like Chillum to distribute drugs around the city. He lives off the money that the prostitute earns. He had promised her that he will someday free her from this profession, but that was just a promise that he never lives up to. Street-Kids: The street-kids portrayed in the movie, although are seemingly very mean and nasty, they are a victim of the vicious circle of poverty that exists in big cities like Bombay. many such kids run away from their homes in small towns and villages in search of a better life or jobs and the attraction of cities like Bombay, which is a center of the Indian film-industry leads them there. This vicious circle makes them do crimes like robbery, gambling and drug abuse. Source of Conflict: Salaam Bombay! is the story of Krishna, a 12-year old

The Globalisation Issue In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essays

The Globalisation Issue In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essays The Globalisation Issue In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essay The Globalisation Issue In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essay Globalization is a cardinal issueA for theA cordial reception industry. Identify and review up to three impacts ofA globalization on the cordial reception industry and discuss schemes that hotel companies may implement to turn to globalization. AbstractA Globalisation is going increasing of import these old ages in international hotel industry. In this essay, a literature reappraisal has been conducted to place 3 impacts ofA globalization on the cordial reception industry. When hotels flag their belongingss in a new state, they must place their merchandises and services in order to accommodate the civilization traditions of that state. Thinking planetary and moving local ( glocal ) is critical scheme for no affair large or little hotel companies. Besides the glocal scheme, distinction scheme is besides utile for hotel companies to go competitory in the planetary environment. Hall ( 1997 ) indicates that globalisation has become a cardinal construct in concern, economic and political activities since 1990s. The cordial reception industry is frequently regarded as one of the most global in the service industry ( Litteljohn, 1997 ) . Nowadays, more and more people are going around the universe, when they are far from their place they need a topographic point to remain, a bed to kip, nutrient to eat. They might stop up taking hotels. This is where the cordial reception industry comes into drama ( Frink, 2009 ) ; this is why hotels are everyplace. Due to the fast addition of touristry and concern activities around the Earth, in every corner of the universe, there must be hotels such as Hilton, Marriot, and Westin. Go amp ; Pine ( 1995 ) province that the cordial reception industry is a subsector of the travel and touristry sector, and one of the most quickly spread outing Fieldss in the service sector. This article is traveling to place and reexamine 3 impa cts of globalization on the cordial reception industry. And discuss schemes that hotel companies may implement including standardization and localization of function schemes and distinction schemes when they enter into the globalization. Frink ( 2009 ) described globalization as the procedure of companies developing their concern or operations overseas. It has several impacts on the cordial reception industry. First of wholly, it forces hotel companies to take best locations all over the universe to spread out their belongingss. Location is indispensable to a hotel, no affair whose mark market is concern travellers or tourers. Johnson A ; Vanetti ( 2005 ) province that the size and nature of the topographic point in which the hotel is located are seen to be the most of import factor for large or little ironss. The celebrated touristry finishs and CBD of a metropolis are the best pick for hotel groups to develop their belongingss. However, when those countries are non in their ain state, or when they want to flag their hotels every bit many as possible, hotels have to globalize. There is a good illustration of how a good location can profit a hotel s concern. Hyatt group has one hotel in Shanghai which name is Grand Hyatt Shanghai, it is located in the Centre of the Lujiazui concern territory, and occupies 53rd to 87th floors of the Jin Mao Tower edifice ( Hyatt, 2010 ) . Jin Mao Tower edifice is a concern edifice as celebrated in Shanghai as the World Trade Center in New York. There are many 500 luck companies in this edifice, when those large and affluent companies have employees or clients come from other universe to see Shanghai, Hyatt is the first hotel on their list. This is portion of the ground why Grand Hyatt ever has the highest RevPAR ( gross per available room ) in Shanghai. Reversely, incorrect location will take hotels to failure. For illustration, The Ritz-Carlton Lake Las Vegas closed onA May 2, 2010 after several old ages struggle, this was the first clip for the reputable Ritz-Carlton trade name and this negative record will hold necessarily impact on this trade name in the hereafter. Ritz-Carlton Lake Las Vegas locates in the suburb of Las Vegas, though it was a epicurean and high-end resort hotel, people come to Vegas for a much more exciting and lively holiday ( Hernandez, 2010 ) . The following impact of globalization is economic sciences, which is besides really of import. There is merely so much of the market portion a hotel company can acquire by remaining local or in their ain state. Frink ( 2009 ) states that globalization enables hotel companies to spread out their concern to other states to derive extra market portion. The more belongingss the hotel group has, the more clients it might hold, therefore the more chances for them to derive more net income. Frink besides states that many hotel companies go planetary chiefly because they desire to accomplish a larger client base. Ohmae ( 1989 ) claimed that large companies must go more planetary if they want to vie, they must see the whole universe as one individual borderless market place ( as cited in Vignali, 2001 ) . Most large hotel group such as Intercontinental, Marriott, Hilton and Hyatt are lasting even when economic crises come because they have globalized. Harmonizing to Hotels Giants Survey 200 8, Intercontinental has hotel in 100 states, which is the most, followed by Starwood, which has constitutions in 95 states and Accor has hotels in 90 states. A great figure of hotel companies are forced to globalise in order to stay competitory, otherwise they can non last, and they should ever spread out their concern to do advancement and maintain gait with the competition. By and large talking, the more topographic points of concern that a hotel company has, the better opportunities for the hotel company to be successful in the cordial reception industry ( Frink, 2009 ) . In footings of cost economic systems, measure purchasing can ever cut down buying cost, that s why many international hotel companies set up their cardinal procurance section to subscribe planetary contracts with providers and do the centralized purchasingA for their several constitutions in the interim maintain the same criterion. The 3rd impact of globalization on the cordial reception industry is civilization. The universe is a planetary small town and difference topographic points have different civilization and traditions. Frink ( 2009 ) mentioned that globalization makes hotel companies adapt different civilization and change their attacks when they enter a new state. Expansion to a state with wholly different civilization is a large hazard to most hotel companies, they must see the different civilizations in the finish image of the topographic points, what cuisine the locals or indigens have and what types of nutrients are out due to the faith or jurisprudence when they are seeking to sell their merchandises. Frink ( 2009 ) besides mentioned that hotel companies must understand the difference in currency and the difference in linguistic communication. For illustration, Hilton Tokyo Bay Hotel located in Japan can non hold excessively many English talking front office receptionists, who can non talk Nippon ese, in order to function local Nipponese invitees. There must be person there who knows how to talk Nipponese to efficaciously function the invitees. And they will hold local employees who understand the local civilization and talk the native linguistic communication to function the native invitees. Frink indicated that globalization forces companies adapt different cultural positions ; if a company refuses to accommodate it might lose. Globalisation besides brings civilization diverseness to the industry, which is ever a positive thing and it besides brings hotel companies more understanding of the positions of different civilizations, which help them to make better. Besides those above three impacts, Frink ( 2009 ) besides mentioned other impacts, for illustration, globalization in cordial reception industry has created more occupation chances help with the growing and stableness of the cordial reception industry. When hotel companies entered into globalization, it really becomes endurance of the fittest. Strong concerns will last and go stronger and the weak 1s will be eliminated and fade off. Frink ( 2009 ) states that globalization requires seting and rating of assorted factors. Harvey ( 2007 ) indicated that hotel companies need to maintain the same criterion in each and every constitution because client trueness will depend on whether a hotel can present the trade name promise systematically throughout their hotel experience. In the average clip, the companies need to believe appropriate ways to show their merchandises to different civilizations, which means they truly must utilize and equilibrate the standardization and localization of function schemes. Rutihinda A ; Elimimian ( 2002 ) indicated that standardization requires operations with resolute stability, supplying same things in the same manner everyplace, while localization of function demands seting of merchandises and pattern s in every individual topographic point. It is non so easy to equilibrate the two precisely opposite schemes. However, both of them are every bit of import. In another word, hotel companies must believe planetary and act local . This construct is going progressively critical for hotel companies no affair large or little, to stay competitory. The term glocalisation used by Salazar ( 2005 ) absolutely expresses the construct think planetary and act local , it helps one to take clasp of the many interconnectednesss between the standardization and the localization of function schemes. Peters and Frehse ( 2005 ) stated that already in the 1970s international hotel companies tried to utilize standardization scheme in their services with an appropriate consistence in footings of quality. Whitla et Al. ( 2007 ) province that standardization makes a hotel trade name recognizable and that is what people are looking for, the consistence and the predictability particularly for concern travellers. However, Whitla et Al. ( 2007 ) besides mentioned that hotel ironss need to equilibrate the proviso of a standardised degree of service and comfortss with clients gustatory sensations or penchants in some grade of local version. Frink ( 2009 ) found hotel companies, when they decide to globalize into foreign states, are faced with many barriers to get the better of, such as linguistic communication, support, competition, and cultural differences Sometimes it is really difficult for a hotel company to come in a new state, particularly when the new county has a wholly different ci vilization and tradition. For illustration, intoxicant is forbidden in muslin societies, Indians do nt eat beef, gaming is illegal in many states. Whitla et Al. ( 2007 ) believe that version is required for many grounds including consumer involvements, Torahs, civilization and traditions. For case, hotels in western states frequently rely on adjustment grosss to do net income, whereas hotels in Asia count on nutrient charges. Asiatic hotels hence need to concentrate more on offer more and larger restaurant mercantile establishments, aiming local diners every bit good as nightlong foreign invitees. Rutihinda A ; Elimimian ( 2002 ) mentioned that many hotel companies who localised their selling schemes and merchandises have been successful. However, some others fail due to their applications of incorrect execution schemes and insensitiveness to the consumer civilization of the state. Czinkota A ; Ronnenken ( 1995 ) emphasized that glocalisation in the selling programs is indispens able and critical to accommodate local gustatory sensations, to run into particular demands and consumers non-identical demands ( as cited in Vignali, 2001 ) . Besides, some clients, particularly tourers are looking for local spirit in hotels ( Armstrong et al. , 1997 ) , which means hotels design could reflect the finish image ( Hawkins, 2007 ) . In term of this, the celebrated 7-star hotel Burj Al Arab has got great success, the hotel were designed in the form of a billowing Arabian dhow canvas, it represents a important testimonial to the state s navigation heritage ( Jumeirah, neodymium ) . It has already become the icon of Dubai, the finish image of Dubai, and the hotel itself became the tourer attractive force of the state. Besides hotel design, Heide et Al. ( 2007 ) believes hotel atmosphere is besides really of import portion of the glocalisation , because atmosphere is a cardinal success factor that is straight linked to fiscal effects. It is deserving adverting that Human resource direction ( HRM ) besides needs to utilize glocalisation scheme in the cordial reception industry. HRM sections are the spinal column of every organisation ; they must larn and understand the employee rights and Torahs for non merely their place companies, but for all of their constitutions around the universe. Different states have different employee rights and labour Torahs. Frink ( 2009 ) states the cordial reception industry Human resource directors must be really careful of these employee rights and labour Torahs or it could be those hotels 1000000s in mulcts and punishments. Nowadays many hotels are localised in term of staffing. Local staff members know their ain civilization really good and they can talk local linguistic communication to function local invitees while holding multilingual staff is better to function the invitees from all over the universe. Harvey ( 2007 ) mentioned it is ever good to hold staff from different cou nties which brings diverseness, but they have different beliefs, background, imposts and traditions. How to believe planetary and act local when covering civilization differences is a challenge that HR directors need to suppress. Sometimes hotels glocalisation schemes are still non plenty, particularly for the intent to pull leisure invitees. Ghemawat ( 1991 ) stated that when tourers travel to another topographic point to pass a holiday, they want to see difference and seek something new. Otherwise they lose merriment when they stay at the hotel. Nowadays the planetary competitions between hotels are acquiring fiercer ; some hotel companies are utilizing distinction schemes in order to win. Rutihinda A ; Elimimian ( 2002 ) stated that distinction scheme is based on the ability to supply invitees with distinguishable merchandises or services. Ghemawat ( 1991 ) stated that these particular and typical properties make them unique in the eyes of their invitees ( as cited in Rutihinda A ; Elimimian, 2002 ) . For illustration, there is a hotel in America called Dog Bark Park Inn , the hotel looks like a elephantine beagle. Guests slumber and have breakfast in the organic structure of the beagle. For another illustration, in German there is a hotel which name is Alcatraz Hotel , it used to be a prison, the proprietor kept the original spirit of the edifice, so every guestroom is like a cell, and the lavatory is merely following to the bed. Guests besides get striped pyjama alternatively of a normal bath robe which makes them look like captives, the lone difference between this hotel and a existent prison is seem like invitees can go forth it whenever they want. The more particular one is a hotel made of existent ice, it sounds incredible but it is true, it s called the Ice Hotel in Canada, this hotel has become world- celebrated for winter experience. The architecture of the hotel including graphics and furniture carved form ice blocks. Most invitees believe this hotel is astonishing and beautiful and the experience is particular and gratifying. These successful narratives have told us, the hotelkeepers must non merely believe and move glocal , but besides think difference . In decision, Globalisation has become a cardinal issueA for theA cordial reception industry. It is the procedure of hotel companies spread outing their concern or operations to foreign markets, and taking their concern to new highs. This literature reappraisal addressed three impacts ofA globalization on the cordial reception industry including location, economic sciences and civilization. Globalisation enables hotel companies to take locations all over the universe to spread out their concern. If concerns expand, the cordial reception industry will spread out with it. Globalisation helps hotel companies to derive other market portion and therefore derive more net income and cut down buying cost through measure purchasing or centralized buying. Besides globalization besides causes hotel companies to see different civilizations and traditions when they enter a new state and convey civilization diverseness into the industry which is ever a positive thing. When hotel enter into globali zation, they should utilize standardization and localization of function schemes which means they should maintain the same criterion in footings of service and quality while changing their service and merchandise to accommodate to the different civilization and traditions. The construct Thinking planetary and moving local ( or intelligent glocal ) is indispensable for hotel companies development. Besides, utilizing distinction schemes is besides a good manner to go competitory. Differentiation scheme is about supplying invitees with distinguishable merchandises or services. These alone and typical properties make them attractive in the eyes of their invitees.

The use of complementary atlternative medicine (CAM) Research Paper

The use of complementary atlternative medicine (CAM) - Research Paper Example What we have seen with Mr. Cohen is his oxygen saturation varies with torso position, physical activity, and Albuterol treatments. In terms of torso position, Mr. Cohen tends to keep the head of bed up with helps keep fluid flow away from his solar plexus which helps him breath easier, but it cause lower back pain. Percocet helps relieve the pain. Sometimes, Mr. Cohen leans over his bedside table to assist his breathing by increasing pressure on his solar plexus region to augment pulmonary diffusion of oxygen. When he does this his lungs sounds clear but diminished on both sides. His oxygen saturation is 92% immediately following this behavior. Although physical activity tends to lower his oxygen saturation, it is necessary to assist the body in exchanging carbon dioxide and oxygen over the capillaries. A 60 foot walk to the nurses' station decreased oxygen saturation to 86%, but a few deep breaths increased it to 91% in a matter of moments. Likewise, the return 60 foot walk to his room decreased oxygen saturation to 87%, but a moment's rest increased it to 91%. Following the physical activity, Mr. Cohen took an Albuterol treatment to increase his oxygen saturation to 93%. Mr. Cohen is a 75 year old Jewish American with emphysema chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. He was admitted for difficulty breathing.

How does mobile device impact hospitality industary Essay

How does mobile device impact hospitality industary - Essay Example Mobile devices such as smartphones (the word cellular phone is no longer applicable with what it can do), computer tablets, wi-fi connectivity, etch that even digital cameras now are becoming mobile communication devices. In a report by Mobilize Worldwide, the leading developer of mobile applications for promotions in the web and electronic platform, that includes interactive websites, and similar marketing channels, there were 211 million subscribers of mobile device in the US alone as of May 2011 and this figure is continually rising. It also added that of these figures, 82% of adult Americans has a cellphone, 31% of which are classified as smartphone. The company’s research also revealed that 25% of Americans rely on their mobile devices with regard to their access to the internet than the traditional computer. Almost all at 95% of all mobile device users are also capable of sending and receiving multimedia messaging service or MMS and/or short messaging service or SMS or s imply text messages. This is worth noting because most of those who receive data from mobile devices read the messages within three minutes upon receipt at 90% percent of the time. It also revealed that 79% of smartphone users do online shopping and 74% of these purchases were a result of smartphone online research. More interestingly, the study was supported by the Pew Research that more than half of mobile pohone users use their mobile devices to find information about local hotels (Kasavana, nd). II. The hospitality industry The hospitality industry is composed of cluster of of industries comprising of accommodations, restaurants, entertainment, recreation and amusement sectors (Bit Wave Solutions, nd). The hospitality industry is a thriving multi-billion industry dependent on its customer’s free time, disposable income and willingness to engage in leisure. Example of sectors in the hospitality industry are hotels, restaurants, themed park and amusement centers involving a gamut of operations that animate the whole industry to serve the guests that would avail of their service. The rising prosperity in the new markets enabled the hospitality industry to expand its operation across the globe with the people’s rising disposable income offering them different service and amusement depending on their preference. Along with the expansion of the operation of the hospitality industry is the improvement of its infrastructure to better serve its customer and to remain relevant in a very competitive business environment. One of the fastest aspect of development in the hospitality industry’s infrastructure is the information technology that enables the use of mobile devices to increase customer engagement with the end of enhancing customer experience. The services that mobile devices enable includes â€Å"website configurations, fluent marketing campaigns, location-based activities, digital couponing, and point-of-sale settlement. Currently, the fastest growing segment of m-commerce service is mobile payments featuring cashless and cardless payment platforms â€Å" (Kamanava, nd). The increased use of information technology in the hospitality industry that facilitated these services has resulted in creased expectation of visitors and personalized service especially to those who are returning customers. This became possible because hospitality indu

Obesity and San Diego Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Obesity and San Diego - Term Paper Example Having been an experienced medic in the area, I have observed several cases; and even potential ones; of obesity and therefore there is need for a more inclusive approach in tackling the health condition. The various volunteer works I have been engaged in have further brought to my attention on the consequences of ignoring this issue especially by professionals in the medical field. In addition, my quest for eliminating this problem has been further motivated by the situation currently experienced in my own household. My teenage siblings are at high risk of being obese because of their lifestyle and their consumption habits. This paper focuses on the major contributors of obesity and how to eliminate them in the county of Florida. The various indications as will be discussed below show that this problem is becoming a critical issue in both the county and the whole nation of United States. Policy Plan The healthy people 2010 (2009) indicate that the county’s level of obesity, a t least for those who have reported, is about 15% among teenagers and about 18% among the adults in the county. This shows a very alarming trend that calls for intervention by the leadership of the county and overall, of the state. To draw a further highlight of this problem, it is better to mention that obesity is a major contributor of other life threatening conditions like: asthma, coronary diseases, diabetes, cancer and others according to the county’s health and human services agency. It is because of these findings that there was a decision to contact the local authority in this case, the mayor of San Diego City Council. The date identified for this visit will be the 23rd day of February, 2013. Policy making is very essential for eradication of this problem and therefore the justification of this choice. Since there is difficulty in securing appointment with the mayor, it is important that there are various people mobilized to help capture some attention. Another propos ed way is therefore through mobilization of affected people for a peaceful procession to the mayor’s office in which an appointment will be sought and the date above be pushed. The main policy proposal will be that of ensuring that there are campaigns and sensitization programs in the county to aid in the awareness creation that will help change the lifestyle and eating habits of the local people so that they do not succumb to this great problem. A report by Jeannie et al (2009) indicates that the HOPE project is one of the successful ways the nation has enabled the medics in the country provide necessary assistance and guidance to victims of this condition by establishing a curriculum for the medical professionals like nurses to enable them learn through the internet on ways to tackle this issue. Internet use has been widespread among the teenage population and that is why this project can be used as a guideline in developing a policy to combat this problem in the county. Th e healthy people 2020 (2012) suggest methods of tackling the problem of rising obesity among the teenagers in the country. Most importantly, it envisages the reduction of obesity cases by use of alternative prevention mechanisms of which campaign by professionals, especially the nurses, is one of them. It even goes further by pointing out the need for sufficient information on the causes of overweight among the county’s population. Story et al (2008) propose a combined policy and

The Social Network Facebook And Privacy Media Essay

The Social Network Facebook And Privacy Media Essay Introduction: We are living in the golden age of technology. Day by day technology is going to be more important in human life. Every aspect of our life like education, medical, business, information, transport, communication etc. demand technological support. It is helping us many ways in our daily life. Nothing is impossible nowadays. Information technology, given us the power to move around the world within minutes. What we got from IT: the communicative world is blessed of IT. There is no community in the modern world which can go through without IT. People nowadays become much more depended on IT. Operating business, financial transaction, entertainment, communicating everywhere we are using IT. In a word the globe is in palm and it happened for IT. As the Information technology playing an important role in our life but sometimes it is affecting our privacy and social life. Privacy: Privacy refers to personal secrecy or private or confidential information or property. In general everyone has some preference, someone likes to listening music and collecting songs and it is his personal privacy or secrecy. If anyone interfere his listening or collecting music that mean it is interfere in his privacy. In the website http://www.privacilla.org, they published, The word privacy has been used to describe many concerns with the modern world. It is a complex concept even before other concerns are lumped with it. The concept of privacy deserves to be carefully examined. It defies easy, and many proposals to protect privacy have gone forward without a clear articulation of what privacy really is. Importantly, privacy is a personal, subjective condition. One person cannot decide for another what his or her sense of privacy should be. (http://www.privacilla.org/fundamentals/whatisprivacy.html) So privacy has no visible size or feature. It actually depends on person and varies community to community and situation. It might be personal opinion, political view, or likings or sensitive information. Day by day the globe is coming closer by influence of various inventions and technological bless. And the word privacy is going to be much more complicated in this technological arena Social networks: Social networking is a grouping of people of same community or people of same neighbour or same likings or we can say it a group of friends. But in the IT world, social network is the best way of communication among people from same institutes or workplace via internet. For example; Facebook, twitter, MSN and many other open networks. Facebook: Facebook is the second largest social network on internet was founded by former-Harvard student Mark Zuckerberg and launched in February 2004.People using Facebook find their older friends and stay keep in touch with friends and family, make friendship with new people, publish their personal information. Like as, name, gender, interest, study, job etc. people are posting their likings, personal views, or in a word every single moment of our time we are publishing to share with our friends. This information is recorded by the operators in the server. Though sometimes we are deleting from our profile but we cannot delete it from there. How we are affected: According their (Facebook) privacy and policy, Facebook has the right to save our information and to share with third parties if necessary. That mean, with whom they are sharing our information we do not know it. In the same hand the third party, they do not have any obligation to share our information. So the third party can share our information with anyone or can use our information for any purpose. And thats how we are losing our privacy. Our personal preference is going to anyone who is not familiar with us. On the other hand anyone in our friend list can affect us or our social status putting any comment or any post in our wall which result harassment and hamper social status. Again various companies they can use the preference of individuals for their surveys without acknowledging people from their information given at the time of having the account of any social network. Another thing is, as Facebook is an open source network when you sign in you are gett ing a lot of advertisement or application where someone can easily access. And if anyone access in those applications, there is terms that they can access your personal information. By this you are giving your information to them unwillingly. A case study about Facebook abuse/offence: in 28th of August 2010 the popular newspaper METRO in UK published,  £ 10,000 bill for Facebook Jokes'. The news was about two friends. One of them posted a joke about his friend. He said his friend, he likes kids and he is a gay. And it was claimed that about 800 people watched this and that person was so scared to leave home. And their family expressed, it was a horrible and really stressful time for us. [http://e-edition.metro.co.uk/2010/07/28/] This case has been solved by court and the magistrate court fined  £10,000 the person, who commented about his friend. Recent warnings about Facebook: Recently The chief executive of search engine Google has predicted, Web users will one day be able to change their identity in order to escape the traces of their misspent youth available on social networking sites such as Facebook. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2010/aug/18/google-facebook] Jason Deans guardian.co.uk, Wednesday 18 August 2010 16.54 BST Article history In the same hand the founder of Facebook cited, The Age of Privacy is over. In a six-minute interview on stage with TechCrunch founder Michael Arrington, Zuckerberg spent 60 seconds talking about Facebooks privacy policies. He said, If he were to create Facebook again today, user information would by default be public, not private. [http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/facebooks_zuckerberg_says_the_age_of_privacy_is_ov.php ,January 9, 2010] So that mean in average everyones privacy is the risk. No one is in secret at least who is using the social networks. Conclusion: Finally we can say that social networks does not only publishing or reciting information about personal but also it is a medium of entertainment. If some steps can be taken to prevent the invasion of privacy all the networks are for our society and our community; to entertain people, keeping them happier and peaceful. On the other hand individuals should be much more aware about their privacy and secrecy. And we can stop to interpret anyones personal life and preference and thus the networks of community will be fruitful otherwise day by day it is going to much worse situation as the founder of Facebook is aware about the privacy and policies of society.

The Negative Impacts of the Harlem Renaissance Essay -- essays researc

The 1920’s were a period or rapid growth and change in America. After World War I American’s were introduced to a lifestyle of lavishness they had never encountered before. It was a period of radical thought and ideas. It was in this time period that the idea of the Harlem Renaissance was born. The ideology behind the Harlem Renaissance was to create the image of the â€Å"New Negro†. The image of African-American’s changed from rural, uneducated â€Å"peasants† to urban, sophisticated, cosmopolites. Literature and poetry abounded. Jazz music and the clubs where it was performed at became social â€Å"hotspots†. Harlem was the epitome of the â€Å"New Negro†. However, things weren’t as sunny as they appeared. Many felt that the Harlem Renaissance itself wasn’t so much a celebration of Black culture, but rather a regurgitation of White ideals. To these African-Americans, the Harlem Renaissance represented conformity and s ubmission to the White culture. Yet there were also those who were not even given the opportunity to be a part of the Harlem Renaissance. The poor Blacks in the South never received any of the racial tolerance up north. They lived in a world of racism and the Ku Klux Klan. The Harlem Renaissance did not redefine African-American expression. This can be seen through the funding dependence on White Americans, the continued spread of racism and the failure to acknowledge the rights of poor Southern African-Americans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harlem provided a source of entertainment for many people. With its Jazz Clubs and poetry readings it was the â€Å"hip† place to be. This was a shock to many African-American’s, who had never before had the opportunity to perform in such affluent surroundings. Oftentimes funding for these clubs or programs was provided by White Americans. This in itself was not a problem. However, the Harlem Renaissance became so dependant on the funding that when it stopped coming, there was no means by which to keep any of the clubs or literary cafes open. Some clubs in Harlem even discriminated against Black audience members. The popular Cotton Club, which featured solely Black performers, even went so far as to ban African-Americans’ from its audience entirely. Even in the Mecca of supposed racial equality, these sorts of discrimination were still prevalent. Advertisements for products produced by African-Americans were also skewed. Para... ...  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Harlem Renaissance was a time of growth and development in for African-Americans. They wrote novels, performed in clubs, and created the genre of Jazz. However, the Renaissance was imprisoned by its flaws. Rather then celebrating the unique culture of African-American’s, it oftentimes catered to what the White Americans would want to see and hear. Although racism seemed to be lower in Harlem and the Northern states, for many Blacks racism was at all time high. The Ku Klux Klan reached membership of astronomical proportions. They marched on Washington DC and handed out membership cards bashing minorities. Less educated Blacks, or those who couldn’t make it to Harlem, were often deemed ignorant. There was a barrier built between those Blacks with an education, and those without. And when the Great Depression hit, African Americans lost their jobs at a rate almost triple that of White Americans. Where was the equality Harlem had fought so hard f or? The Harlem Renaissance, although it did achieve some remarkable things, did not redefine African American expression. That ideal, would take many more years of strife, struggle, and segregation to achieve.

Theology 202 Study Guide 1

Theo 202: Quiz 1 Study online at quizlet. com/_b3aow 1. Define the doctrine of eternal security. Salvation in three tenses The Christian has the promise of God that no one can separate him from God. 1. The Christian has been saved from the guilt and penalty of sin. 2. The Christian is being saved from the habit and dominion of sin. 3. the Christian will be saved at the Lord's return. True. 13. 2. What was the significance of the council of Dort and it's impact in defining he system referred to as Calvinism Define Grace O. T. en were saved as they are in the N. T. by faith. O. T. expressed their faith by obedience to the law of God What is T. U. L. I. P. Held in 1618 in the Netherlands, determined that Arminianism was hersey, reaffirmed the reformed teaching of John Calvin, and stated their conclusiion in the five points known as TULIP 14. The good pleasure of God extended to save an undeserving sinful man. True. 3. Salvation is a dynamic quality of life, not just a passive point. Who is the founder of Arminianism How do Arminians redefine the original sin? 15. 4. Jacob Hermann.A man becomes a sinner only when he consciously and voluntarily sins, thus appropriating the sin nature of Adam. The idea that Christ wold save and then allow a convert to lose what he did not merit nor achieved in repentance, causes one to question not only His work, but also His character. Means that God first decreed to save the elect, then He decreed that Christ would die and provide salvation for them. Means the decree to save came after a person had sinned and after Christ had died for him. God decreed who would be saved (the elect) and the act of salvation in the same decree.John Wesley, John Fletcher, Francis Asbury, Charles Grandison-Finney. 5. 16. 6. How does the Arminian system depreciate the completed work of Christ by the denial of the security of the believer? Supralapsarian Total depravity. Unconditional election. Limited atonement. Irresistible grace. Perseverance of the s aints. Means a turning to God from sin on the part of the sinner. It is the human side while regeneration is the divine side. 17. What is conversion How is conversion distinguished from regeneration? Define repentance How does repentance affect intellect?How does repentance affect emotions How does repentance affect the will of man? What is faith? What is justification? 18. 7. 19. Means to change one's mind about sin. It changes our thoughts. 8. Sublapsarian 20. 9. Infralapsarian 21. It changes our feelings, makes one have genuine regret. It is an actual forsakiing of sin and an actual turning to God. (most vital) The substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen. An act whereby God declares a person righteous when that person accepts Gods word.Makes man perfect in God's sight, it's not that man has become perfect, only that god has declared him righteous and therefore he stands perfect in the sight of God. 10. List other church leaders that popularized the â€Å"A rminian doctrinal system. What tests that are used to verify theological truths 22. 23. 11. 1. Consistency 2. Correspondence 3. Priority of data 4. Cohesiveness 5. Thoroughness Separation. 24. 12. What does sanctification mean 25. What is regeneration? The work of God through the Holy Spirit, of placing in one who has faith, a new nature capable of doing the will of God.The Holy Spirit. 38. Bibliography is the theology of scripture Theology proper is the theology of God Christology is the theology of Christians Pneumatology is the theology of the Holy Spirit Anthropology is the theology of History What is total depravity? What is unconditional election? What is limited atonement? What is Irresistible grace? What is perserverance of the saints? What is the basis of faith? True. 39. True. 26. What is the agent of regeneration according to scripture What is the positional emphasis of adoption within the context of soteriology?What are the illustrations found in the New Testament by whi ch the doctrine of union with Christ is taught? 27. He receives the position of son of God instead of child of God like in regeneration. 1. Building and foundation- Christ is foundation and beleivers are construction material. 2. Husband and wives 3. Vine and branches, 4. Body of Christ 5. Human race and adam= union of the beliver with the second adam The relationship with God which we enter by faith in Jesus Christ. Experiential or practical sanctifiction in present life.Involves struggles of victory and defeat of the Christian. God continues to work in teh life of every Christian. Consmmational santification, for God will not complete the process until we either die or are raptured. where God rescues man from the eternal ruin and doom of sin and bestows on him the riches of His grace and eternal life Salvation ceases to be a free gift because in part a person is responsible for the retention of their salvation. Their belief in God. 40. False. 41. True. 28. 42. False. 43. 29. What is positional sanctification? What is progressive sanctification?Any man in his natural state is incapable or unable to do anything to please or gain merit before God. When a man obtains salvation because God began the process by choosing him without any outside influence. When Jesus died He died for those that were chosen by God. Since God of His own free will has chosen (elected) man and Christ has died for him then man cannot resist the power of God that brings hm to salvation. Since man has absolutely nothing to do with his salvation, he will persevere because the Saviour has declared that he has eternal life.Intellectual faith. 44. 30. 45. 46. 31. What is prospective sanctification What is salvation? 32. 47. 48. 33. How does the Arminian belief in apostasy may lead to an implied salvation-byworks doctrine? To what is the validity of one's faith measured? What is salvation accomplished (justification)? What is salvation applied? Prolegomena is the theology of things that are sai d before. 34. 35. It includes the redemption by blood, the reconciliation of man to God. It includes evangelism, regeneratioin, sanctification, and discipleship. True. 36. 37.

Ecstasy essays

Ecstasy essays Sometimes when Im watching the news or flipping through newspapers I stop and realize how many sick and deranged people there are in this world. If you open a newspaper or turn on the news any day of the week there is always some situation going on that just makes you sick or makes you wonder how could a person do this sort of thing to another person. There are many crazy people in this world who do things for no other reason other than because they feel like it or the fact that there is something mentally wrong with them. At least this is what we think, but is there other reasons? Other answers? Could there be something we dont know something inside these people that disturbs them so much to the point where they act out in horrible ways? Well by using Ecstasy which is known to open the mind and break down mental barriers(Kusinitz 43). Then maybe we can find out whats really wrong with the mentally ill and the people who commit horrid crimes. Therefore it should be legalized for th ose purposes but for those purposes only. It should still remain illegal to the general public because it does have numerous short term and long term side effects. If Ecstasy were legalized we could use it to find out what is really wrong with these people. Obviously there are some people who grow up in a bad home situation and they arent taught right from wrong but what about the ones who come from good homes? Or the people who seem like descent people who almost seem to just go bad? Well there must be something disturbing them and through the use of Ecstasy, we would be able to find out what it is. According to Marc Kusinitz the author of Drug abuse around the world that Ecstasy stops emotional and psychological barriers, relaxes inhibitions, and enhances communication (43). These three things could help us a lot in the research about how deep the human brain and mind actually is. This could also help the people who are suffer...

Three Types of Cloning

Three Types of Cloning Free Online Research Papers Free healthcare was once a possibility. Just years ago our administration formed a plan that would allow free healthcare for the nation yet today we find ourselves struggling. People keep dieing of diseases we have barely funded cures for. The elderly are going without in order to pay for hundreds of dollars in prescriptions. Transplant lists grow page after pageeveryday. Good healthcare benefits are becoming a deal breaker for employees. With all of the millions of dollars spent in healthcare a year, there has to be a better way. Over the past decades, scientists and bio-engineers have come farther and farther in the field of medical advancements. We have come up with prosthetics, skin grafts, and machines that cure the sick or help those in need. (Cloning Fact Sheet 1) Although we have made many inventions and changed many people’s lives, most of our advancements only aid in more cosmetic issues and the pumps and valves we insert into organs and veins, may only stall the inevitable. The fact is that we have not found cures for cancer or AIDS. We do not have enough donated organs to replace those who are in need but there is something we can do about that. Scientists have discovered that it is possible to use cloning to clone human tissue and organs. Today three different kinds of cloning have been discovered: Recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, reproductive cloning, and therapeutic cloning. Recombinant DNA technology is practically the coping of a gene and/ or chromosomes. Reproductive cloning is the duplication of an animal buy implanting genetic material into an adult cell whose nucleus has been removed. Then either chemical or electric stimulation causes the cell to actually split forming an embryo, which is then implanted into the female until birth. In this process the animal created is not identical of the donor animal. This could be used to clone animals around the world where livestock may have died off and to create food. Therapeutic cloning is also referred to as â€Å"embryo cloning† and is the production of human embryos to harvest the stem cells. The harvesting of stem cells is where the development of tissue could be produced and used medically. This sort of technology could be the most beneficial. It could easily save lives and cure disease. According to Gralla, this process of cloning could also clone organs for transplants, which might put an end to the many people who lay around suffering while waiting to be moved up a space or two on a list that they could die before ever getting their chance. (148) Though the technology is far from being perfected, scientists have successfully cloned cells and animals. The very cloning of animals could be used to end starvation around the world. The loss of livestock would no longer ruin a family. If the government were to give more money to the scientists to possible perfect the cloning of cells, we could do so much to help people. Though there are many good things about cloning, organ cloning specifically, there are many drawbacks. Though there have been many documented successes in cloning, Dolly was one success out of many, many tries. 90% of clone attempts fail, not to mention the great expense of cloning. Along with the low efficiency of a perfect clone created with each time, those clones have a very low immune system and are more susceptible to disease and infection. Many develop tumors and many other disorders. Many of the cloned animals around the world died very young and were born at abnormal sizes but if funded, scientists could keep working to perfect the technology that could allow a perfect clone of a cell, each time. (Brown 368) The cost of keeping a person on life support costs thousands of dollars. The cost oh chemotherapy and dialysis machines are too great. Finding insurance that will cover even a fourth of a terminally ill person is rare. Prescriptions and experimental drugs are offered to possibly cure or delay sickness but many of the things found to work, are only available to those with the money to spend. There are millions of poverty stricken people who will die because they cannot afford to go to the hospital or who know there is no point in going to the hospital because they know they will die because they have no money for medicine and treatment. Cloning could produce viable organs for those on transplant lists and shorten their stay in hospitals and use of expensive machines and medicines. Cloning could produce healthy tissue that could maybe cure cancer and tumors, which would keep patients off of chemotherapy,which takes a terrible toll on the body, even with our modern medicine. Over all, the funding and advancement of cloning can only help us. There are many positive things it could do and the fist costs of developing it will ultimately save our country in healthcare. With these medical advancements in place, the healthcare deficit will decrease greatly. And maybe when we do perfect the process to where we produce healthy cells and tissue each time, we could expand this research into other countries and possibly put and end to terminal sickness and give all people, no matter of social or economical standings, a chance to live full and healthy lives. Research Papers on Three Types of CloningGenetic EngineeringThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTwilight of the UAWRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductPETSTEL analysis of IndiaPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Project Managment Office System

Internationl Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internationl Business Law - Essay Example Millions of dollars were also spent to pay up third parties that implicated embezzlement. It was found that there is an atmosphere of tolerance and even the company’s cultural acceptance of the practice in all levels of the corporation. There has been a systematic implementation of this scheme that engaged the members of the organization (ibid). There was a failure by the internal safeguards of Siemens to clean up their business adequately in time prior to the case filed by the SEC to their disadvantage. The main issue encompass the acts of the company in violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (FCPA) under the United States federal law which punishes bribery of foreign officials. This is in relation to the thrust of the Securities and Exchange Commission to regulate businesses under its jurisdiction. Specifically, the provisions of Sections 30A, 13(b)(2)(A), and 13(b)(2)(B) of the Exchange Act were violated (ibid). The court found in favor of the SEC and grante d the highest settlement in this particular area where Siemens has offered $1.6 billion in payment for the fines and disgorgement provided under the law. Out of which, $350 million will go to the SEC in disgorgement, $450 million in criminal fine to the Department of Justice, about $569 million as fine to Germany’s Office of the Prosecutor General in Munich. This is apart from the approximately $285 million Siemens has already paid in 2007 to the Prosecutor previously mentioned (ibid). In the end, the SEC and the State together with the German government won this case through an amicable settlement by the plaintiff and defendant. This is a good manifestation of the gravity of the battle against foreign bribery as a matter of policy showing the best possible sign of its effectiveness. This was an ideal scenario where the company has offered on its own a significant sum to rectify its deeds. The willingness of the Siemens to settle, granted that $1.6 billion is already a sizabl e sum, brings to question the actual extent of the profit that they may have acquired through these dubious dealings. Further raising doubts is the fact that there are many countries involved in the transactions investigated by the SEC. Upon scrutiny of this case and the outcome, it is immediately apparent that the United States and Germany got the best end of the bargain. It must be noted that there are a number of other countries who suffered with most of them developing countries. It brings to mind the question of what the others will get out of this case and will they benefit from Siemens’ mea culpa. 1. How do the Siemens’ penalties relate to the caps on fines discussed earlier in this chapter? Fines are a form of sanction on companies to deter them from committing offenses and grave abuses to the expense of others. The penalty imposed upon Siemens is a glaring example for others not to follow suit on the ill practices that they have previously engendered as a comp any culture. The likelihood of a significant fine that

Radisson hotels and resorts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Radisson hotels and resorts - Essay Example Accounting plays a very crucial and essential role in every trade, business and institution. A lot of people is under the assumption that accounting is similar to book-keeping, but in actual sense, book-keeping is just a subset of accounting. So, what is accountingAccounting is a system that provides quantitative information about finances. ("The Free Dictionary" by Farlex). Accounting covers a wide range of tasks from updating and maintaining of accounting records; recording of business transactions; accounts balancing and reconciliation; accounts reporting amongst others. An accounting system is in short, an information system that facilitates the process of accounting: bookkeeping (recording), classification, reporting and interpretation of business transactions.In the conventional form of accounting (manual accounting), multiple books are being kept for different tasks/different accounts and this resulted in data duplication. As with data duplication: increased data means increas ed possibilities of errors; updates to data has to be ensured that all the matching records are updated- otherwise it will result in data being out of synchronisation. Manual accounting is a very labour intensive and time consuming process.However, the modern day technology has brought about various accounting systems that optimise the accounting process, resulting in greater efficiency and increased effectiveness. The automated accounting systems also promote a higher level of accuracy and tighter security. This paper is written based on the implementation of SAGE ACCPAC accounting system by the Radisson Hotels and Resorts. Brief Overview: Radisson Hotels and Resorts (Carlson Hospitality Worldwide) Radisson Hotels and Resorts operates, manages and franchises over 430 hotels and resorts, in 59 countries. It is part of Carlson Hospitality Worldwide whose parent is Carlson Companies, Inc., one of the largest privately owned corporations in the United States. As their hotels and resorts were using a wide variety of accounting systems, it resulted in reduced efficiency and higher operational cost. It was also more time consuming and staff intensive to consolidate the financial data from the different systems. These prompted Radisson to sought for a better solution to integrate their financial systems. (ACCPAC International Inc, 2002) SAGE ACCPAC ERP (formerly known as ACCPAC Advantage Series ) Sage ACCPAC ERP is a sophisticated, robust accounting and operations system. Radisson opted to implement the Sage ACCPAC with ACCPAC online. The ACCPAC Online provides the same power and flexibility as SAGE ACCPAC, and has an additional benefit: complete accessibility to the accounting system through a standard web browser. Because Sage ACCPAC ERP is very robust, its capability can be extended to be more than just an accounting system. Sage ACCPAC has built their software solution in a modular design, which means, customers can 'mix and match' the modules to fit to their needs. Radisson's customised solution is a combination of the following Sage ACCPAC modules: General Ledger Accounts Payable Accounts Receivable Inventory Control Module Purchase Orders Module Payroll Module General Ledger Module The General Ledger module is the main module (foundation) of any accounting system, and therefore, understanding the capability of this module is the most important. This ACCPAC General Ledger module fully integrates with the other ACCPAC advantage Series modules. It offers a flexible account structure, and budgeting capabilities. It is also used to generate financial reports, and provides the ability to drill down to originating transaction in other modules such as Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable. Accounts Payable Module The Accounts Payable module provides a set of accounting and reporting features to manage the detailed information such as vendor record, transaction processing, flexible cash disbursement and full check reconciliation. The database is designed in a way where user can access

Market Segmentation in Healthcare Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Market Segmentation in Healthcare - Assignment Example With the development of many technologies, companies are benefiting from this strategy because they carry out due diligence to know the likely risk they are to encounter hence adapting to market segments. First, market segment helps organizations in reducing risk by knowing when, how and where to channel their products and services upon production (Kotler, 2003). It assists the organization to know when and how to market their products and serviced depending on their target markets. Secondly, segment marketing assists organizations in increasing marketing efficiency because it directs them to the target consumers, hence minimizing other wastages (Kotler, 2003). It allows organizations to produce or distribute goods and service according to a segments’ characteristics, which is very effective. In many cases, organizations make losses when they produce goods and offer services without knowing their target markets or audiences (Brown, 1996). Thirdly, market segmentation helps com panies to study consumer behavior, which is useful in pre-focusing of sales volumes and in making recommendations (Kotler, 2003). Organizations that conduct market segmentation knows the seasons when their target consumers are active in buying; hence, they can use this information in planning their productions as well as in focusing the sales volume (Walston, Kimberly & Burns, 1996). Market segmentation is divided into four levels, namely; geographic, demographic, psychographic and behavioral segmentation, and they serve different purposes depending on different factors (Kotler, 2003). Geographic segmentation is a strategy where a company or an organization sells its products and services in certain places in the world or in a defined boundary where it perceives to impact its marketing mix (Nobel & Mokwa, 1999). Demographic segmentation is where an organization divides its market as per gender, age, income, and household income, as opposed to all consumers in the market (Nobel & Mok wa, 1999). In this case, an organization becomes specific to the target gender, age, and income when entering a market.

Essel Group Essay Example for Free

Essel Group Essay I wish to thank my parents for their undivided support and interest who inspired me and encouraged me to go my own way, without whom I would be unable to complete my project. At last but not the least I want to thank my friends who appreciated me for my work and motivated me and finally to God who made all the things possible Zee Entertainment Enterprises Ltd It is the second-largest Indian media and entertainment company based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is a subsidiary of the Essel Group. The companys Chairman, Managing Director and Founders are Subhash Chandra and its Chief Executive Officer is Puneet Goenka. Through its strong presence worldwide, Zee entertains over 670+ million viewers across 168 countries. History The company was launched on 15 December 1991 and was previously known as Zee Telefilms until 2006, when it was renamed and the news and entertainment units were spun off into four smaller divisions. Zee currently operates over 15 different television channels, a cable company Siticable, a record label Zee Records, a production company and other businesses as well. It has expanded operations abroad, with several of its channels available in the UK and U. S. s well as Africa and Asia. In 2002 Zee Entertainment Enterprises acquired a majority stake (51%) in ETC Networks. In 2006, they acquired Integrated Subscriber Management Services Limited and in November 2006, Zee acquired an interest (50%) in Taj television TEN Sports. In February 2010 Zee Entertainment Enterprises acquired an additional stake (95%) in TEN sports. As Zee Telefilms, the company formed part of BSE Sensex from 2000-2005. The news and regional entertainment channel business was spun off into a separate company in 2006 under the corporate banner Zee News Ltd. 982 The Company was incorporated on 25th November, and it obtained the Certificate of Commencement of Business on 5th January 1983 as Empire Holdings Ltd. in the state of Maharashtra. It was promoted by the Essel group of companies, comprising Sanjay Badgamia, Vasant Parekh and Ashok Kothari. The main object of the company business was of entertainment software. 1992 It entered into the business of entertainment software and subsequently the name was changed to ZEE Telefilms Ltd. The Company co-promoted Essel Packaging Ltd. the partnership company of the Essel group in 1982. The Company produces/develops Hindi films, serials, game shows, children programmes etc. The Company would also commission serials, game shows etc. , through directors/producers on contract basis, purchase rights of Hindi films, serials and other programmes from the producers for a predetermined period. 1993 ASSPL became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. During the year, the Company entered into an agreement with the Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation for supply of programme software to ZEE TV. During August, the Company issued 89, 28,000 rights equity shares of Rs 10 each at a premium of Rs 20 per share in proportion 12:1. Another 90, 00,000 shares were offered at a premium of Rs 20 per share through prospectus as follows: 9, 00,000 shares and 27, 00,000 shares reserved for allotment to FIIs and NRIs (repatriation basis) respectively. Only 21, 90,300, shares were taken up by NRIs. Of the balance 10,000 shares reserved for allotment on preferential basis to employees (only 4,100 shares taken up). Remaining 45, 90,000 shares along with 5, 15,600 shares not taken up were issued to the public (of these 4, 98,000 shares taken up by FIIs and 17,600 shares by public). 1994 The Company promoted Siti Cable Venture for provision of integrated cable network facility to individual cable operators on a city by city basis and function as a city TV station. The Company also proposed to develop Pay TV industry and with this in view is jointly promoting Zee Cinema, the first Hindi movie Pay TV Channel along with the News Corp 995 The Company along with NewsCorp’s promoted another company viz. Programme Asia Trading Company Private Ltd. (PATCO) for programme supplies to EL TV and Zee Cinema Channel. Asia Today Ltd. and Zee Telefilms Ltd. entered into a sale and purchase agreement for production, procurement and provision of Hindustani entertainment software from India and export the same to Hong kong for transmitting such software on ZEE TV Channel. 1996 Pref. shares redeemed during th is year. 1997 3, 00,000 pref. shares were issued. Walt Disney animation films will be telecast every day for two hours on Zee TV from February 1 following an agreement reached between Buena Vista Television India and Zee. In order to bring the first of its kind `Zee Cine Awards to millions of TV viewers across the globe, the Zee Network has tied up with the 150-year old world audit major, Price Waterhouse (which incidentally is the auditing firm for the Oscar awards also) and the market research firm Gallup MBA. 1999 As part of its expansion plans, ZTL will increase its authorised capital from Rs 50 to Rs 75 crore. Zee Telefilms Ltd (ZTL) shareholders approved an increase in the companys authorized share capital from Rs 50 crore to Rs 75 crore to safeguard itself from any fund shortfall required for the ambitious projects envisaged in the face of technological convergence. Subhash Chandra-promoted Zee Telefilms Ltd (ZTL) has tied up with French major Canal Plus for its proposed digital TV service, a precursor to a KU-band direct-to-home (DTH) service. ZEE TV will launch three new channels in Europe and start broadcasts in eight regional languages in India during an action-packed six months expansion programme. Zee Telefilms Limited (ZTL) will soon launch three English language channels, including a news channel called the Asian News Network, thus taking head-on its partner-turned-competitor Star TV. Zee TV up to 1999 has been operating four channels, three of which were being played out of STAR TV facility in Hong Kong on lease basis. With the growth of the network into eleven channels, the launch of the DTO bouquet and the Alpha channels including the English channels, a decision was taken to install a fully owned facility in Singapore which can play-out ten channels. This facility was set up in a record time of three months and has been fully operational since middle of March 2000. In September 1999, ZTL acquired Zee Multimedia Worldwide Limited (ZMWL). Following this acquisition, all the international operations including the broadcasting business of ZMWL came under ZTLs control. ZTL acquired NewsCorps 50% stake in Asia Today Limited (ATL), Siticable, and Programme Asia Trading Company Ltd. and now owns 100% of these businesses. The consideration paid for the acquisition was USD 296. 51 million 2000 Zeenext. com, the Internet portal site of the company subsidiary EConnect India Ltd, and mobile Internet firm Unimobile. com that they had tied up to offer zee next portal contents to wireless communication devices. Zee Telefilms has emerged as the new market mover on Dalal Street. Zee Telefilms signed a MoU with Asia net Communication Ltd. for consolidating Zees entry into the South Indian regional channels. Zee Telefilms will set up 500 Internet kiosks, named eZee centres, across the country as part of its e-commerce initiatives, senior company. Zee Telefilms has been awarded the prestigious Ground Breaker award as the top national programmer by the US-based trade publication, Multichannel News International. Media and entertainment major Zee Telefilms has acquired 26 per cent stake in Aplab Ltd, an electronic equipment market. Zee Telefilms will launch Basic Education Support Television in April 2001 a project aimed at educating the rural India through the television medium. Zee Telefilms Ltds American Depository Receipts/American Depository Shares issue worth . billion. Zee Telefilms Ltd aims at a 1:1 debt-equity ratio for its Rs. 2,400 crore outlay to set up a fibre-optic and coaxial network across 26 cities in the country. The Company and TransWorld International have joined their bids for the telecast rights for the cricket World cup tournaments for 2003 and 2007. Zee Telefilms subsidiary Zee Publishing has been hived off as a separate company. Zee Telefilms Ltd will be launching its sports channel, tentatively christ ened, zee Sports, on 1st October. Zee Telefilms Ltd. will float a new joint venture company with the Hollywood studio, Metro Gold-wyn Mayer Inc (MGM) to operate aco-branded movie channel exclusively for the South Asian market 2001 In May, 2001, Zee Telefilms has decided to induct a strategic partner, preferably an international media major to strengthen its financial and technical strengths to achieve high growth in the field of convergence. ZTL has converted its flagship Zee TV into a pay channel with effect from 10 June 2001. 2002 Zee Telefilms has come out with Open offer to acquire 23,39,900 fully paid-up equity shares of Rs 10/- each of ETC Networks. It represents 20% of the voting equity share capital at a price of Rs 31. 52/- per fully paid up equity share. The issue opens on 3rd Apr. 2002 and closes on 3rd May 2002. Zee Telefilms Ltd has informed that Zee TV Partners Cartoon Network, Snap Ties with Nickelodeon. Zee Telefilms took a controlling stake in ETC Networks in June 2002, following a memorandum of understanding (MoU) signed between the two companies in February this year. As per the MoU, Zee was to acquire 57 per cent in ETC in two stages for Rs 25 crore. 2003 Zee News is attempting to give a full perspective of the stories by Following them to the cores. In this regard, it has launched a new programme, known as Zee Follow Up. The new programme will pick up the loose string of hundreds of stories that once made headlines but somewhere down the line lost their steam. Zee News is attempting to retrace history by keeping the viewers abreast of what had occurred since, the report said. Decides to persist with its plan of showing Thursday Bollywood blockbusters Hits upon a new income stream to boost revenues by permitting other international news channels to beam its exclusive footage and programmes for a fee. Delgrada, an overseas corporate body owned by the promoters of ZEE Telefilms, pledges an additional 3. 1 crore shares or 7. 6% of the equity capital of Zee Telefilms held by it in favour of Credit Suisse First Boston, Singapore Mumbai High Court stays Zee TVs daily and Sunday lottery draws Share price slumps to four-year low of Rs 60. 5 on 01/04/2003 Zee News starts new programme Zee Follow up through which it is attempting to retrace history by keeping the viewers abreast of what had occurred since Zee, Turner International expand partnership with 3 new channels wherein Turner will be the advertising sales agent for Zees English entertainment and lifestyle channels, Zee English, Zee MGM and the recently unveiled Trendz channel Announces its la carte price lis t for bundling channels Govt cancels Zee Telefilms plea for bundling its channels Promoters’ stake in Zee comes down to below 51-pc, stands at 50. % Zee News launches a new logo and a new advertising campaign with the baseline Haqeeqat Jaisi, Khabar Waisi Foreign shareholdings in Zee Telefilms surge to 58% Promoters of Zee offload 3% shares to FIIs Zee becomes first to get Letter of intent for DTH operation in India 2004 ? Zee announces launch of new religious channel Jagran ? Churu Trading Co. Pvt. Ltd, has purchased 3415518 equity shares of the Company from Livewire Programme Trading Co. Pvt. Ltd. Zee Telefilms announced the launch of a separate encrypted beam for Singapore ? BT Broadcast, ASCEL join hands to offer teleport services to Zee 2005 ? Zee Telefilms Ltd launches separate sports channel. ? Zee Tele teams up with IBM Global. ? Zee Network in alliance with Pan Global TV. ? Zee join hands with Malaysias Astro to launch Hindi channel. ? Zee TV has announced the launch of an interactive game show Kam Ya Zyaada. 2006 ? Zee Telefilms acquires 50% stake in Ten Sports. ? Zee Network launches new channel in Indonesia. Zee to acquire 60 pc stakes in Venus Films. 2007 Zee Telefilms Ltd has informed that consequent to all approvals having been received the name of the Company, effective from January 10, 2007, has changed to Zee Entertainment Enterprises Ltd. Zee Entertainment Enterprises Ltd has informed that the Board of Directors, vide a resolution passed by circulation on December 29, 2007, has approved the appointment of Mr. R Vaidyanathan, Professor of Finance and Control at the Indian Institute of Management, 2009