British Imperialism Of The Nineteenth Century - 3025 Words

According to Keep and Ronall (1999), â€Å"the degree to which British imperialism of the nineteenth century was invested in and maintained by the global traffic in addictive substance is well documented. At mid-century, opium was a major export commodity for Britain’s largest colony, India, and the British government was very sensitive to the profits that could be realized through the sale of the drug. Keep and Ronall claimed that â€Å"addiction was use in the policing of â€Å"otherness† that occurs through the science education† (207-09). Due to limited evidence to prove the rational of widely held ideology of the poor, addict, mentally-ill, homosexual, criminals, and those hated, exclusively induced authoritative actions in engaging with these groups; nevertheless this impact â€Å"scientific or quasi-scientific† assumptions of â€Å"poverty, addiction, mental illness, homosexuality, and criminology. Also, there are many abstraction which backs thes e hypothesis precisely or obliquely (Movahedi, 1978, p. 45) Movahedi (1978) explains that, in the domain of drug use, fewer authors have currently attempted a â€Å"sociohistorical† reasoning of the evolution of prominent interpretation and also scientific ideology of addiction, and have unmask the racist and class-oriental elements of divers drug-related concerns. He argues that, â€Å"the work of these writers as well as the classic study of Lindesmith (1968) suggested that the behaviourShow MoreRelatedNineteenth-Century British Imperialism Essay544 Words   |  3 Pages Were Economic Factors Primarily Responsible for Nineteenth-Century British Imperialism?nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In society today the almighty dollar is what motivates most people’s actions. However, there are other reasons that can promote a change within a system such as morals, religious beliefs, values, and ethics. During the nineteenth century, society was not much different from that of the present day as the economy remains one of the most important partsRead MoreImperialism And Its Impact On The Domestic Institutions Of Africa Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism, when one country dominates another for its own benefit, is an expansion policy that has reigned for centuries. Over time, imperialism has drastically changed in its magnitude and severity. At the turn of the nineteenth century, a â€Å"new,† more aggressive and competitive form of imperialism emerged and completely dismantled the domestic institutions of various developing countries. Africa in the nineteenth century is a prime example of the â€Å"new† imperialism in effect. How was Africa affectedRead MoreEssay on Hearts of Darkness: Post Colonialism850 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. During the nineteenth century certain concepts in the story were considered unthinkable such as cannibalism. The cultural relativism (which basically says that right and wrong a re culture-specific) was a strong sensibility during the nineteenth century which is why it was addressed in this story. Modern readers of Hearts of Darkness may find the racial slurs used throughout the story to be offensive. However, in the nineteenth century things wereRead MoreNotes on Colonialism and Imperialism1489 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 33 Notes * Foundations of empire * Motives of imperialism * Modern imperialism * Refers to domination of industrialized countries over subject lands * Domination achieved through trade, investment, and business activities * Two types of modern colonialism * Colonies ruled and populated by migrants * Colonies controlled by imperial powers without significant settlement * Economic motives of imperialism * European merchants and entrepreneurs made personalRead MoreThe Far Reaching Effects of Imperialism1323 Words   |  5 PagesWith the dawn of the Industrial Age near the beginning of the nineteenth century also came with the rise of nationalism, or the belief that a country’s way of life was superior to others. Nationalistic ideologies, born in the coal ovens of Industry, soon gave way to systems of imperialism that would quickly take hold in other parts of the world. For the purposes of this essay, can be broadly defined as a symbiotic relationship between an industrialized state and an agrarian state in which the industrializedRead MoreColonialism And Imperialism In Europe1440 Words   |  6 Pagesimposed its economic model, its values, ideals and its culture to a large part of the world. Imperialism can be defined as the system in which the politics, economy and culture of one part of the world are organized according to the domination of some countries over others. The imperialism that emerged in the nineteenth century was the culmination of colonialism initiated in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. But both forms of colonial domination were very different. The old colonial empires haveRead MoreImperialism And Its Impact On Society Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesResponse 1: Imperialism Gaining complete dominance within a society can be viewed as a lion taking control over its land. These lions can be regarded as a powerful empire, as they live among other preys fighting for supremacy. In History it has been said that â€Å"A nation that did not expand would not survive† (American Passages, 529). Imperialism is a prime example of a group of prey fighting for sovereignty, within this land we come across the lions, otherwise known as the nations who control theRead MoreWhat attracted European imperialism to Africa to Asia in the late nineteenth century.1585 Words   |  7 PagesMortimer Chambers et al define imperialism as a European state s intervention in and continuing domination over a non-European territory. During the Scramble for Africa in the late nineteenth century, the most powerful European nations desired to conquer, dominate and exploit African colonies with the hope of building an empire. According to Derrick Murphy, in 1875 only ten percent o f Africa was occupied by European states. Twenty years later only ten percent remained unoccupied. There wereRead MoreThe Factors Of Economics Was Or Was Not The Primary Reason For British Imperialism1198 Words   |  5 Pagesdiplomacy or military power as imperialism. Imperialism has been the most dominant powerful force in the last four to five centuries in civilization. Imperialism has formed civilizations in entire continents while pushing out the indigenous people and destroying other civilizations in the meantime. In this case, we look at whether the factors of economics was or was not the primary reason for British Imperialism. Robert Huttenback believed that British Imperialism was a result from economic factorRead MoreEssay on Imperialism: From Europe to The West1514 Words   |  7 PagesEarly in the twentieth century, imperialism was brought up by European powers of the time; Germany, Great Britain, France, and Russia. These nations were after raw materials in Asia, Africa, and South America and when they realize that they could not retrieve it, they began to colonize smaller counties that contain the many resources they need and used it for their benefit. Western values played a big part in European imperialism. European civilization experienced a period of extraordinary rapid

Comparing The Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne

Riley Chiles Mr. Nelson AP Literature P-7 11/7/14 Comparing Fact and Fiction: The Parallels Within Democratic society has a curious effect on its people. Some citizens seem to have a very hard time imagining a fanatically corrupt religious sect of elite clergy running the scenes. Intriguingly, within arguably the most democratic country of our time, the United States was dominated by a class of religious elite a few centuries ago. Those who participated in said system were known as Puritans. Nathaniel Hawthorne, a transcendentalist of the 19th century, decided to recreate Puritan society in his book The Scarlet Letter, which takes place two centuries prior. This brings up an important inquiry: does his rendition stack up with historical evidence? After intense scrutiny and cross-referencing, a conclusion can be drawn that suggests he did indeed take many steps to remain faithful to the source material. To better understand The Scarlet Letter, we first must explore the author and his purpose for writing such a novel. Nathaniel Hawthorne was a philosophical thinker. He grew up in Salem, Massachusetts and was the descendant of William Hathorne, a Puritan magistrate and judge who became infamous for giving out harsh punishments. This was especially true during the Salem witch trials. Hawthorn’s family past seemed to fascinate and haunt him, and is represented in most of his works. This is coupled with his transcendentalist ideals, and clues the audience to the book’s intendedShow MoreRelatedComparing The Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne And The Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath2182 Words   |  9 Pageswithin the intricacies of literature in each era. Specifically, through analyzing The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne and The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath, one can observe the dynamics of society in regards to the role of women through the lens of the theme of sexuality. In both novels, the confinement and oppression of women can be visibly seen as a result of these gender roles. Yet, from the time The Scarlet Letter was published to the time The Bell Jar was written, the place of women in societyRead More Characterization through Imagery and Metaphor in The Scarlet Letter1274 Words   |  6 PagesCharacterization through Imagery and Metaphor in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Throughout his novel, The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne reveals character through the use of imagery and metaphor.    In the first Chapter of The Scarlet Letter, The Prison-Door, the reader is immediately introduced to the people of Puritan Boston. Hawthorne begins to develop the character of the common people in order to build the mood of the story. The first sentence begins, A throng of bearded men, in sad-coloredRead More The Effective Use of Symbols in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter694 Words   |  3 PagesSymbols in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Webster defined symbol with these words: Something concrete that represents or suggests another thing that cannot in itself be pictured. This concept has been particularly applied to literature and used by writers throughout history. Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter uses multitudes of symbols in such a manner. One of the most prominent, and most complicated, of such symbols is the scarlet letter A. The scarlet letter A isRead More Struggle between Good and Evil in The Scarlet Letter and Macbeth694 Words   |  3 PagesStruggle between Good and Evil in The Scarlet Letter and Macbeth It is said that â€Å"all conflict in literature is, in its simplest form, a struggle between good and evil.† Indeed, the fundamental conflict of human nature is that of darkness and light; and as a mirror to life, the conflicts in literature is not different from those in human nature. The struggle of good and evil is shown in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, which portrays the spiritual battle between and evil Read MoreAnalysis Of The From The Scarlet Letter 959 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom the Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most iconic books in history; its storyline, theme and literal characters have made an impact on the world of literature for hundreds of years. What stands out the most in the book is the use of archaic diction and figurative language, which serve to paint vivid, descriptive pictures of each character, specifically, Roger Chillingworth. In chapter nine of The Scarlet Letter, ‘The Leech†, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses settingRead More Exposed Sin vs. Hidden Sin in the Scarlet Letter Essay633 Words   |  3 Pagesdeplorable, or utterly wrong. In this essay I will be comparing exposed sin to hidden sin as related to The Scarlet Letter, and the effects it has on people. In Nathanial HawthorneÂ’s The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne represents the exposed sin while Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth represent the hidden sin. Hester PrynneÂ’s sin is exposed on the scaffold in front of the townspeople. For punishment she is made to wear the letter “A”, for adulteress, on her bosom. HesterÂ’s daughterRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter And The Other Wes Moore1238 Words   |  5 Pages This is a central idea in the novels The Other Wes Moore and The Scarlet Letter. The Other Wes Moore follows the lives of two young boys into adulthood and discusses why their lives turned out so differently, despite coming from such similar backgrounds. The author Wes Moore proposes that maybe it was due to the influences that each boy’s role model’s had. A similar idea is illustrated in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, which tells the tale of Hester Prynne and her close family over theRead MoreArchetypes And Allus ions Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter 1198 Words   |  5 PagesArchetypes and Allusions in The Scarlet Letter In the nineteenth century novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne utilizes different origins of allusions and archetypes to emphasize how individuals in order to encourage individuals to forgive sins and work towards redemption. Sin Allusions. From the Bible. In Dimmesdale’s home, Hawthorne describes a work depicting the Prophet Nathaniel, David, and Bathsheba: â€Å"The walls were hung round with tapestry, said to be from the Gobelin looms, and,Read MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne And Herman Melville1387 Words   |  6 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville were well acquainted with one another and wrote a series of letters back and forth for a time. Their friendship has been seen as â€Å"one of the most famous in American literary history† (Hayford 435). Both authors have received a lot of attention as two of the more prominent writers of the nineteenth century and their names are often thrown together in criticism of that era. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s most famous novel is likley The Scarlet Letter while HermanRead More A Comparison of The Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables3606 Words   |  15 Pagesof The Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables    Nathaniel Hawthorne, one of Americas most renowned authors, demonstrates his extraordinary talents in two of his most famed novels, The Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables. To compare these two books seems bizarre, as their plots are distinctly different. Though the books are quite seemingly different, the central themes and Hawthornes style are closely related (Carey, p. 62). American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne

Probability Exercice Free Essays

MTH3301 Fall 2012 Practice problems Counting 1. A closet contains 6 di? erent pairs of shoes. Five shoes are drawn at random. We will write a custom essay sample on Probability Exercice or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is the probability that at least one pair of shoes is obtained? 2. At a camera factory, an inspector checks 20 cameras and ? nds that three of them need adjustment before they can be shipped. Another employee carelessly mixes the cameras up so that no one knows which is which. Thus, the inspector must recheck the cameras one at a time until he locates all the bad ones. (a) What is the probability that no more than 17 cameras need to be rechecked? b) What is the probability that exactly 17 must be rechecked? 3. We consider permutations of the string †ABACADAFAG†. How many permutations are there? How many of them don’t have any A next to other A? How many of them have at least two A’s next to each other? 4. A monkey is typing random numerical strings of length 7 using the digits 1 through 9 (not 0). Call the digits 1, 2, and 3 †lows†, call the digits 4, 5, and 6 †mids† and digits 7, 8 and 9 †highs†. (a) How many di? er ent strings can he type? (b) How many of these strings have no mids? c) How many of these strings have only one high in them? For example, the string 1111199 has two highs in it. (d) What’s the probability that a string starts with a low and ends with a high? (e) What’s the probability that a string starts with a low or ends with a high? (f) What’s the probability that a string doesn’t have at least one of the digits 1 through 9? 5. School of Probability and Statistics (SPS) at IUA University has 13 male Moroccan professors, 8 female Moroccan professors, and 12 nonMoroccan professors. A committee of 9 professors needs to be appointed for a task. a) How many committees can be made? (b) What’s the probability 1 that the committee contains 2 Moroccan women, 3 Moroccan men, and 4 non-Moroccans? (c) What’s the probability that the committee contains exactly 4 nonMoroccans? (d) What’s the probability that the committee contains at least 4 n onMoroccans? (e) What’s the probability that the committee does not contain any Moroccan men? Conditional Probability, Bayes’ Theorem 1. Before the distribution of certain statistical software every fourth compact disk (CD) is tested for accuracy. The testing process consists of running four independent programs and checking the results. The failure rate for the 4 testing programs are, respectively, 0. 01, 0. 03, 0. 02 and 0. 01. (a) What is the probability that a CD was tested and failed any test? (b) Given that a CD was tested, what is the probability that it failed program 2 or 3? (c) In a sample of 100, how many CDs would you expect to be rejected? (d) Given a CD was defective, what is the probability that it was tested? 2. A regional telephone company operates three relay stations at di? rent locations. During a one-year period, the number of malfunctions reported by each station and the causes are shown below: Station Problems with electricity supplied Computer malfunction Malfunctioning electrical equipment Caused by other human errors A 2 4 5 7 B 1 3 4 7 C 1 2 2 5 Suppose that a malfunction was reported and it was found to be caused by other human errors. What is the probability that it came from station C? 3. Police p lan to enforce speed limits by using radar traps at 4 di? erent locations within the city limits. The radar traps at each of the locations L1 , L2 , L3 , and L4 are operated 40%, 30%, 20%, and 30% of the time, and if a person who is speeding on his way to work has probabilities 2 0. 2, 0. 1, 0. 5 and 0. 2, respectively, of passing through these locations, what is the probability that he will receive a speeding ticket? You can assume that the radar traps operate independently of each other. 4. Jar A contains 6 red balls and 6 blue balls. Jar B contains 4 red balls and 16 green balls. A six-sided die is thrown. If the die falls †6†, a ball is chosen at random from jar A. Otherwise, a ball is chosen from Jar B. If the chosen ball is red, what is the probability that the die fell †6†? 5. The word spelled HUMOR by a person from the United States is spelled HUMOUR by a person from UK. At a party, two-thirds of the guests are from the United States and one-third from UK. A randomly chosen guest writes the word, and a letter is chosen at random from the word as written. (a) If this letter is a U, what is the probability that the guest is from UK? (b) If the letter is an H, what is the probability that the guest is from UK? 6. Jar A contains two black balls, jar B contains two white balls, and jar C contains one ball of each color. A jar is chosen at random. A ball is drawn from the chosen jar and replaced; then again a ball is drawn from that jar and replaced. If both drawings result in black balls, what is the probability that a third drawing from the same jar will also yield a black ball? 7. A jar contains 5 red balls and 10 blue balls. A ball is chosen at random and replaced. Then 10 balls of the same color as the chosen ball are added to the jar. A second ball is now chosen at random and seen to be red. What is the probability that the ? st ball was also red? Discrete Random Variables and their Cumulative Distribution Functions and Probability Mass Functions 1. A dice has 6 sides labelled 1 through 6, and the associated probabilities are a, b, c, d, e, and f respectively. Furthermore, you are told that P ({1, 2, 3}) = P ({4, 5, 6}). This die is tossed once and random variable X is twice the face value that showed up. Answer the following questions about X: 3 (a) What is the range space of X? (b) Draw the cumulative distribution function of X. (c) Write down the probability mass function of X. 2. A jar contains 10 balls, labelled 1 through 10. We will take 3 balls out of the jar. Let B be the random variable that is the highest label among the 3 balls withdrawn. Answer the following questions about B: (a) What is the range space of B? (b) Calculate p(b) for b = 3, 6, 10. (c) Calculate F (b) for b = 3, 6, 10. (d) Calculate P (B ? 8). 3. Consider a group of 5 blood donors, A, B, C, D, E, of whom only A and B have type O+. Blood samples will be taken from each donor in random order, until an O+ donor is reached. Let the random variable Y be the number of blood samples taken until an O+ individual is reached. (a) What is the range space of Y? b) Write down the probability mass function of Y. 4. A jar contains 15 balls, 10 of them red and 5 of them blue. Three balls are picked and let R be the random variable that is the number of red balls in these 3 drawn. (a) What is the range space of R? (b) Write down the prob. mass func. of R. (c) Write down the cumulative distr. func. of R. 5. A random variable Z has following range spac e and probability mass function: 4 value -3 -2. 5 0 4 12 20 probability of this value 0. 1 0. 15 0. 05 0. 3 0. 3 0. 1 (a) Draw the line graph of this PMF. (b) Write down the CDF of Z and draw its graph. (c) Calculate P (Z). . After all students have left the classroom, a probability professor notices that 4 copies of text book were forgotten behind. At the beginning of the next lecture, the professor distributes the 4 books in a completely random fashion to each of the four students who lef the books behind. Let X be the number of students who receive their own book. Determine the pmf of X. Hint: Think of permutations of 4 symbols. 7. Let X be the number of tires on a randomly selected automobile that are underin? ated. Which of the following three p(x) functions is a legitimate pmf for X, and why are the other two not allowed? p(x) p(x) p(x) 0 0. 3 0. 4 0. 4 1 0. 2 0. 1 0. 1 2 0. 1 0. 1 0. 2 3 0. 05 0. 1 0. 1 4 0. 05 0. 3 0. 3 8. In our experiment, we pick a random permutation of 1 234. Let X be the number of symbols that remained in their original places. For example, if the random permutation is 3214, X = 2. Find the pmf of X. 9. In our experiment, we type a random string of length 6 using only the letters A, B, C, D, E, X, Y, Z. Let R be the number of letters that are occuring more than once. So, for example, if the string is †BAYEDA†, R = 1. If string is †DEBAZY†, R = 0. If string is †AABAXY†, R = 1. If string is †AABBXY†, R = 2. (a) How many elements are there in the sample space of the experiment? (b) How many elements in the range space of R? 5 (c) Calculate pR (0). (d) Calculate pR (r) for r ? 4. 8 6 (8)(6)? 7? 6? 5? 4+(8)(6)? 7? 6? 5+(1)(4)? 7? 6+(8)(6)? 7+(8)(6) 1 3 1 5 1 6 . (e) Show that pR (1) = 1 2 6 8 Continuous Random Variables and their Cumulative Distribution Functions and Probability Distribution Functions 1. A college professor never ? nishes his lecture before the bell rings to end the period and always ? nishes his lectures within 2 minutes after the bell rings. Let X equal the time that elapses between the bell and end of the lecture and suppose the pdf of X is f (x) = kx2 0 0? x? 2 otherwise (a) Find the value of k. (b) What is the probability that the lecture ends within one minute of the bell ringing? (c) What is the probability that the lecture continues beyond the bell for between 60 and 90 seconds? (d) What is the probability that the lecture continues for at least 90 seconds beyond the bell? 2. The time X (in minutes) for a lab assistant to prepare the equipment for a certain experiment is believed to have a uniform distribution for values of X between 25 and 35. a) Write the pdf of X and sketch its graph. (b) What is the probability that the preparation time exceeds 33 min.? (c) Without computing it mathematically, what do you think is the mean value of X? (d) For any a such that 25 a a + 2 35, what is the probability that preparation time is between a and a + 2 minutes? 3. Consider the following pdf, where k and C are constants: f (x) = kC k xk+1 0 6 x? C x 50 1 625 r If the propolis content is less than 10 parts per thousand, the honey sells for 300 Dirhams per kilogram. If the propolis content is more than 40 parts per thousand, the honey sells for 200 Dirhams per kilogram (because of the too strong taste). If the propolis content is between 10 and 40 parts per thousand, the honey sells for 450 Dirhams a kilogram. Let the price of honey per kilogram be the random variable X. (a) Draw the pdf of R. (b) Determine the pmf of X. Continuous Functions of Continuous Random Variables 1. Let continuous random variable X have pdf fX (x). Let Y = |X|. Write FY (y) in terms of integral(s) of fX . 2. For more practice here, make sure you can do problems number 9 and 13 in Chapter 3 exercises in our text book. 8 How to cite Probability Exercice, Essay examples

Effectiveness of Production by a Country-Free-Sample for Students

Questions: 1.As a producer, why is it important to consider the Price elasticity of demand of your product when setting the price you are going to charge? 2.Explain the difference between Comparative advantage an absolute advantage. Answers: Introduction: This is the report that discusses about the price elasticity of demand and its effect on the pricing decision taken by producers. The next art of the report is about the two types of advantages that is comparative and absolute, differences of these advantages helps in determining the effectiveness of production by a country or producer 1.Price elasticity of demand can be defined as the measure of quantity demanded in terms of the change in its price. In other words, it can be said as the change in percentage of the quantity demanded in response to the change in percentage of the price. In this case all other elements remain constant (Yu, Yang Rahardja, 2012). The law of demand suggest that the price and the demand of the products are always in inverse relationship with each other. The concept of price elasticity of demand is very important to be considered at the time of making price decisions for the products. All the businesses and the producers take into account the elasticity of demand when the prices of the products are decided. This is because the demand gets affected if the price of the product changes (Thimmapuram, Kim, Botterud Nam, 2010). If there is rise in price of the products by the firm then it affects the consumer expenditure on this product and ultimately the revenue of the company. If the demand is elastic in nature then any alteration to the price such as rise in price results in fall of demand and the revenue. If the demand is inelastic then the rise in price will raise the revenue of the company as well. 2.The absolute advantage is the concept that deals with the capability of the company or the producer to produce efficient and good quality goods with least of the resources as compared to other producer or company. On the other hand, the comparative advantage deals with the ability of the producer or the country to produce a product efficiently with lower opportunity cost (Bernard, Redding Schott, 2007). Absolute advantage is about comparing the efficiency of productivity of different companies while comparative advantage is about the loss of opportunity cost. The countries or producer can said to have absolute advantage in producing all the products. However, at the same time different countries or producers can have different comparative advantage. The countries with different comparative advantages can trade with each other that result in each others benefits. Both these concepts are very important for international trade between the countries. As per the discussion it has been analysed that the absolute advantage does not includes cost measure in it and comparative advantage considers the aspect of cost as well (Schumacher, 2012). Thus measuring both advantages is necessary to determine the measure of productivity and effectiveness of the producers or the country. Any of the country or the producer can have the absolute advantage in producing all the goods but it is not possible for the country or a producer to have comparative advantage in producing all the goods. But these advantages needs to measure in order to determine the total effectiveness of the producer or the country over the other country or producer. Conclusion: It has been concluded from the report that change in percentage of the quantity demanded in response to the change in percentage of the price is called price elasticity of demand. The producers take this concept into consideration at the time of pricing because demands get affected by the change in prices. Absolute advantage is about comparing the efficiency of productivity of different companies while comparative advantage is about the loss of opportunity cost. References: Bernard, A. B., Redding, S. J., Schott, P. K. (2007). Comparative advantage and heterogeneous firms.The Review of Economic Studies,74(1), 31-66. Schumacher, R. (2012). Adam Smith's theory of absolute advantage and the use of doxography in the history of economics.Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics,5(2), 54-80. Thimmapuram, P. R., Kim, J., Botterud, A., Nam, Y. (2010, January). Modeling and simulation of price elasticity of demand using an agent-based model. InInnovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), 2010(pp. 1-8). IEEE. Yu, R., Yang, W., Rahardja, S. (2012). A statistical demand-price model with its application in optimal real-time price.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,3(4), 1734-1742.